1. Classification of Living Things

2. WHY CLASSIFY? Identifies and names species
________________________________
Groups organisms in a logical manner

3. ______________ is the total of _______________ in an ecosystem.
REMEMBER
______________ is the total of
_______________ in an ecosystem.
A ___________ is a population of organisms
that ____________ ____________ and ________ with each other.
BIODIVERSITY
all the living things
SPECIES
share similar
characteristics
can breed

4. _______________ = branch of biology that names and groups organisms
TAXONOMY

5. What is the point in naming and organizing organisms into groups with biological significance? ______________
____________
BIRD ?
It helps make sense
of relationships!
An animal with feathers
Image from:

6. other organisms that are similar
A good classification system: places organisms in a group ___ _________________________
with
other organisms that are similar
Uses names that are UNIQUE
Can CHANGE as new data is discovered
Shows RELATIONSHIPS of organisms

7. The first person to group or classify organisms was the Greek teacher & philosopher __________ more than 2000 years ago.
(300 B.C.)
ARISTOTLE

8. Aristotle’s system PLANTS: ANIMALS: _________ _________ _________
By: Riedell
PLANTS:
_________ _________
ANIMALS:
_________
Based on kind of stem
Based on where they lived

9. Problem: common names can vary
Example: ______________
______________
. . . are all names for the same animal
mountain lion
puma
catamount
cougar
By using a _____________________________,
scientists can be sure they are discussing
the same organism
universally accepted scientific name

10. Common names vary ________ (English) Chipmunk
Streifenhornchen (______)
Tamia (______)
Ardilla listada (______)
Chipmunk
German
Italian
Spanish

11. Common names can be misleading
Ex: A ________ isn’t a fish,
but a _________ is!
jellyFISH
seaHORSE
Sea cucumber sounds like a _____ but… it’s an ______!
plant
animal

12. Common names can be misleading
In the United Kingdom,
________ refers to a ____
BUZZARD
hawk
In the United States,
________ refers to a ______.
BUZZARD
vulture

13. By mid 19th century, scientists recognized that using common names was confusing.
Scientists agreed to use ____________ to give a single name to each species.
Latin and Greek

14. Quercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis setaceo-mucronatis
EXAMPLE: RED OAK
Quercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis setaceo-mucronatis
“oak with deeply divided leaves with deep blunt lobes bearing hair-like bristles”
PROBLEMS:
Names too hard and long to remember!
Different scientists described different
characteristics.

15. ________________ comes to the rescue!
Carl Linnaeus
Swedish botanist who devised a new classification system
This system is still used today!
( )

16. Linnaeus’s System TAXONS
Organisms are grouped in a hierarchy of 8 different taxonomic levels OR _________
TAXONS

17. Kingdom(King) Phylum(Philip) Class(Come) Order(Over) Family(For)
Domain (Did)
Kingdom(King)
Phylum(Philip)
Class(Come)
Order(Over)
Family(For)
Genus(Good)
Species(Soup)

19. Binomial Nomenclature
The process of assigning each organism a two-part scientific name

20. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE (2-name naming system)
1st name = _______________
Always CAPITALIZED
Genus
species
2nd name = _________________
Always lower case
UNDERLINED
Both names are ______________ or typed in ____________.
ITALICS

21. GENUS = group of closely related species
(Includes many kinds of bears)
SPECIES = ______________________
GENUS = _____
Ursus
Ursus arctos
Ursus maritimus
Ursus americanis
unique to each kind of bear

22. Binomial nomenclature
Humans
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens

23. Levels of Taxonomy (based on morphology)
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens

25. Task: To complete the “Classification of Living Things” chart
*Text Pg. 618
Eubacteria
Archeabacteria

26. Crash Course Biology Part 2
Use this video clip to add to your chart!

27. *organizing living things in a way that makes sense
*Classification
*organizing living things in a way that makes sense
*Bacteria
*Archaea
*Eukarya
*Pro
*Pro
*Euk
*unicellular
*unicellular
*mostly multi
*Auto or Hetero
*Auto or Hetero
*Auto or Hetero
*cell walls w/o pepti & live in extreme enviros
*cell walls w/pepti & live in all enviros except extreme
*4 kingdoms
*organisms are grouped according to their characteristics and phylogeny (evolutionary history)

28. *Classification
*grouping organisms in logical manner. Domain is the broadest category/taxa
*Bacteria
*Archaea
*Eukarya
*Prokaryotes
*Prokaryotes
*eukaryotes
*unicellular
*unicellular
*uni or multi
*auto or hetero
*auto or hetero
*auto or hetero
*cell walls w/o pepti; can live in harsh enviros
*made up of 4 kingdoms
*cell walls with pepti
*Organisms are grouped by physical characteristics and evolutionary history

30. MODERN EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION

31. Modern Classification
Linnaeus classified organisms according to their morphology (how they looked).
Today, we still use morphology, but we also have DNA evidence as well as…

32. Phylogeny
The study of an organism’s evolutionary history

33. *We study Phylogeny by using Cladistics.
A method of hypothesizing relationships among organisms
Examples:
Phylogenetic Trees
Cladograms
*We study Phylogeny by using Cladistics.

35. *Node = common ancestor

37. Video Clip: Cladograms
YouTube: Bozeman Science Cladograms

39. Constructing a Cladogram
How can methods of transportation be organized using a cladogram?

40. Draw on your white board! (don’t write the word “label”)

41. Directions:
Complete the cladogram by filling in each method of transportation:
Bike
Car
Motorcycle
Airplane
Foot