1 “The Republicans Take Power”

Unpacking the Standards After reading this section, you will be able to: Describe how Jefferson won the 1800 election. Outline the goals Jefferson set in his inaugural address. Explain how Jefferson reduced the role of government. Discuss the Marbury v. Madison decision and its impact.

Jefferson Becomes President In 1801 Washington, D.C. (D.C. = ), was slowing rising from a swampy site on the River. Political philosopher, “Father” of the, first Secretary of, leader of the Party, and 3 rd President of the United States. Declaration of Independence

The Election of 1800 FederalistsRepublicans Nominated: John Adams VP: Charles Pinckney Adams received 65 electoral votes Nominated: Thomas Jefferson VP: Aaron Burr Jefferson AND Burr each received 73 electoral votes versus In the event of a tie, the Constitution stipulates that the members of this house would have to decide the election. The House of Representatives

The House Decides the Election Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr Republican Controlled by Federalists For 35 ballots, the election remained tied. Finally at urging, one Federalist decided not to vote for Burr. Alexander Hamilton’s PRESIDENTVICE PRES.

He believed that a large government threatened liberty and that the could best protect freedom. In Jefferson’s inaugural address, he outlined some of his goals which included maintaining “a wise and frugal gov’t.” Jefferson believed in reducing the power and size of the federal gov’t. These ideas were similar to the French philosophy of laissez-faire – “let do as they.” Jefferson’s Inauguration Inauguration – to formally admit someone to office. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. federal states people choose

Jefferson’s Policies Delivering the mail Conduct foreign affairs Collecting duties Conducting a census Jefferson wanted to limit the scope of the federal government

Jefferson’s Takes Charge Jefferson surrounded himself with men who shared his Republican principles. He wanted people who would support his policies and carry them out WHY? Men like: James Madison Sec. of State James Madison Sec. of State Albert Gallatin Sec. of the Treasury Albert Gallatin Sec. of the Treasury Jefferson and Gallatin aimed to reduce the national debt by: 1. Cutting the army by ⅓ Reducing navy from 25 to 7 ships 2.

Midnight Judges Congress The Judiciary Act of 1801 (this act increased the number of federal judges) PASSES President Adams Wanted to fill as many positions as he could with Federalists. He supposedly signed appointments until midnight on his last day of office.

Marbury v. Madison Adams’s appointments could not take effect until the legal papers (commissions) were delivered... James Madison Sec. of State James Madison Sec. of State When Jefferson took office, a few commission had not been delivered William Marbury knew that he had been issued a commission, but it never gets delivered...

Marbury v. Madison William Marbury James Madison Writ of Mandamus Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that gave the Supreme Court the power to issue writs of mandamus exceeded the authority allotted the Court under Article III of the Constitution, and was therefore null and void.

Three Principles of Judicial Review The Constitution is the supreme law of the land When a conflict arises between the Constitution and any other law, the Constitution must be followed The judicial branch has the duty to uphold the Constitution

Review Questions 1.Who was the leader of the Federalist party? 2.Who was the second president of the United States? 3.Who was the third president of the United States? 4.To which party did the third president belong? 5.Thomas Jefferson believed that a large federal government threatened liberty. Who did he think could best protect freedom? 6.Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied in electoral votes in the election of Which group decided the election? 7.Which amendment requires electors to vote for the president and vice president on separate ballots? 8.Define: laissez-faire 9.How did Jefferson and his Secretary of the Treasury, Albert Gallatin, reduce the national debt that the Federalist had left? 10.Name the court case that established judicial review