Profitable and produce creating climate change gas removing methods that increase local food and energy security Terra Preta do Indio is an ancient method from South American areas, for making frigid sandland into fertile, permanent, sandy soil. It can be done by modern methods, by preparing Terra Preta -type mixture. This is done by making and mixing two main components: Charcoal and wet Compost. With current knowledges and tested methods, these both can be made so, that as a side effect from their production, Heat energy is gained for any uses. This energy is effectively Carbon emission negative: in the process, existing carbon is removed from atmospherical cycles and bound into soil for very long times, in case of South American areas carbon has remained in Terra Preta soils for thousands of years and shows no signs of leaving from there. Charcoal is form of carbon that is not biologically active. Charcoal is then powdered and then mixed with wet compost materail. Because charcoal has porous structure it absorbs the nutrients into itself. This mixture is spread on top of the lifeless sand, and rain or irrigation water is allowed to seep it into the soil. Either applied alone, charcoal powder or nutrient compost, could get eventually washed deeper, but together they apparently form a substance that sticks to the surface layers and contains the nutrients. The porous structure of charcoal is large enough for soil microfauna and mycelias to start venturing within chracoal powder grains and start to release the nutrients for the soil life cycles, while enabling the thus formed sandy soil to retain moisture and nutrients better. The large internal surface area of porous charcoal material, also increases the living area surface of the soil fauna many times. This is not a fertilizer method, this is land amendment method applied once, to make new soil for food growing and nature life cycles. Process of sand becoming sandy soil, may take some 6 months near equator, and longer at colder subarctic areas. In India areas, recent tests show considerable farming improvement in poorly producing soils, after applying 3kg of mixture per square meter. For leng term effects and on completely lifeless sands, the needed amount is likely larger. Generic information on Terra Preta do Indio (Portugese for "black earth of the Indians")Generic information on Terra Preta do Indio (Portugese for "black earth of the Indians")

Biomass energy and fertilizers at same time ecologically Any wet biomass can be gathered and used for making energy in form of biogas. This can be done effectively in cheap low tech methods, like in India area's some poor households do: in airtight clay chambers that act as biodigestors, or in modern high technology biodigestor plants of various scales. After this energy has been gathered and burned for energy (emissions are low, and as greenhous gas methane is burned to less harmful CO2, this also reduces away from normally occurring climate change gas emissions and is practically greenhouse emission negative... and effective for running gas engine vehicles and generators). What is left from biomass after the gas extraction, is highly effective plant nutrient, wet compost material. Free instructions for simple biodigestor making.Free instructions for simple biodigestor making. Any wet biomass can be dried. Passive solar drying costs no energy input aside from moving the biomass to place of drying and away when it is dried. Any dry biomass can be fed into pyrolyser and made into charcoal and heat energy simultaneously. Simplest effective pyrolysis unit consists of two old metal barrels, can be made by previously untrained person, with hammer and nail, in several hours. As a side effect, pyrolyser acts as efficient stove which can use such forms of biomass that people normally can not use in their fireplaces and stoves: dry leaves, hay, dry water weeds, dry algae mass, dry plant peelings, sawdust... anything that is dry and of biological origin. Pyrolysis is simple, but not yet widely spread method of burning materials so, that no, or very little, smoke and soot is emitted: most biomass itself is not burned, it is just heated until it emits smoke, and this smoke is burned, resulting mainly in clean CO2. And heat. Even a pyrolyser stove made from old metal barrels or buckets, can be 50% more effective in making heat from same weight amount of biomass, than traditional 3-stone fireplace. Such is preferable to most traditional charcoal making methods, as in traditional methods, the smoke is emitted to air of the area, and heat energy contained in it is lost, not used. Also switching to habit of pyrolysing when burning biomass in any scale, can reduce soot particles from area air. Free instructions for simple barrel charcoaler stove makingFree instructions for simple barrel charcoaler stove making

Businesses from Nutrified Biochar For small and medium-scale entreprenours: providing households, communities and small industrial plants with biomass pyrolyzing units, selling them the dry biomass and collecting the charcoal for making sellable land amendment mixtures. Example of this, including even the poorest households, from Rwanda: Inyenyeri company. They promote and give free better stoves, but sell pellets to burn in them. Their customers can get pellets for free if they give enough dry biomass for company's collectors. The business gets the land amendment charcoal and applies / sells that locally, which further increases the area ecological services, food production and their customer prosperity.Inyenyeri company For all scales: making energy energy and heat from biogas and charcoal, and selling it, or produce made with it. Poor person may use charcoaling outdoors stove made from old barrels, eat and sell heated chestnuts or hot herbal tea on cold days, and at the same time power their cellphone with thermal coupling including pan, reloading it's battery while cooking. Households may choose to build house and water heating that makes simultanously charcoal for household food growing uses, or for sales to land amendment uses. Such can be arranged by individual households, or by larger franchise companies / co-ops. Larger industrial charcoal making and heat + electricity providing plants can be purchased already, or designed from scratch. One provider of larger plants that can be modelled for such: Preseco. Farming of waterweeds and their harvesting for profits could be done by poor people, utilizing makeshift nets and growth surfaces, as well as it can be done in much larger and more automatized ways. (preferably perhaps in ways where entire biomass harvest can be simply reeled in from beach, when ready enough).Preseco As case of Inyeneri shows, all income classes can be included in carefully planned local food, energy and material flow sustenancy activities, especially in methods that can be franchised, and/or made into productive business Co-Operatives which invite investement capital, thus possibly further increasing area social stability by providing people productive and sustaining things to do with their time and energy, effect beyond just material survival/prosperity needs being met.

Increasing local land values Increasing land value, both: monetary and production value, while growing food on it: agreement with land owner that people who use soil making methods on their depleted land parts, can live on it and keep food plants they grow for use and sales, for certain amount of time. Fertile soil land is the permanent end result for the land owner / adminstrator, after the bioremediating sustenancy growers move on to next locale. On this, extra monetary income may be possible for the farmers / gardeners, if the re-greened land areas are initially done into large letter shapes, visible in aerial and satellite maps (minimum 'pixel' size is 2m2 apparently) and selling such as advertisement space for companies and paying customers: their message will be visible for a while to anyone who looks at the google map of the area... and in a positive way: paying to help make the depleted / desert lands permanently green, and for people who feed themselves by doing that bioremediation. This can also be tangible proof of needed amount of carbon having been taken away from the natural cycle of atmosphere, and buried to the topsoils for good. Whether there will be effective carbon emission credits markets, where such can be sold, is perhaps not yet predictable, but at least such should increase the ecological and local people food production aspects of the advertisement value of such green letters on satellite maps. ”this new foodgarden land and carbon sequestration brought by: local electric company” or simpler messages, or just company logo. Eventually such will likely grow closed and message will fade into spreading greenery.

Research business opportunities from biochar area food security Finding suitable local water plants for cultivation within overnutrified waters, from where all their collected nutrients can then be harvested for making energy and land amendment mixtures simultaneously. Collected nutrients are thus removed from the nutrient chocked waters in plant biomass form, can then be utilized for energy locally, and the soil amendment materials can either be used locally for improving local soil amounts and qualities, or they can be sold and exported to other areas more in need of new local soils. When recollecting nutrients from bodies of water thus, in cases of salt water, it may be neccessary to let rainwater to wash the surfaces of the plant biomass, for reducing the sea salt amount from it, before utilizing in land amendment or fertilizing. Further related project business opportunities can arise from researching the best local traditional and modernizable farming and gardening methods, to be used for maximum sustainable food production in the area, without outside imported fuels and resources: Old depleted soils can be replenished by one time precise application of biochar + nutrients, newly made sandy soils can be improved with further better water and nutrient retention abilities creating methods, chosen for different types of local growing areas, from different local methods and species: food / produce tree and bush roots to help hold the soil layers in place during heavy rains, local wild mycorrhizal symbiote food / produce crop mushrooms to grow with their roots, increasing the plant's productivity, while increasing the water and nutrient retention and availability for the plants further. Even mycelial assisted no-till gardening methods could be developed for significant scale in local conditions. Suitable local companion planting species to minimize need for pesticides, and diverse local foodplant selections for recommended growing, to minimize effects of unpredictable weather and seasons on the food / produce amounts of harvests.

More links for Instructions and methods These methods are all field tested for years, Open Source, freeware, and can be directly applied. Making and using a barrel charcoal stove: On forest gardening: wherein local area gardening and nature knowledges can be applied in new and scientific efficient ways. On utilizing local wild mushroom strains for effective bioremediation, neutralization of toxins, and repairing of depleted areas, methods that can be at the same time, of highest efficiency, and very low tech (thus: cheap in input costs), enabling carefully planned involvement of all layers of society: Mycelium Running, a book by Paul Stamets, published by Ten speed press. His basic introduction on methods and possibilities in short video and lecture presentation: Paul Stamets on 6 ways mushrooms can save the worldPaul Stamets on 6 ways mushrooms can save the world Original web page link compilation and explanation of these methods: Coalition for Environment and DevelopmentCoalition for Environment and Development Introduction into multi-species permaculturing methods: Permaculture, a beginner's guidePermaculture, a beginner's guide Copyright c 2011 as Freeware, for each and every human being, presently existing and/or belonging to future genrations By Max Turunen, Illustrator and project secretary for Coalition for Environment and DevelopmentCoalition for Environment and Development