Creative industries-a summary of international research and comparisons Applicant: Benhua Wang Supervisor: Hong Wu

Presentation Many kinds of definitions on what activities should be included in the creative industries have been put forward by countries and international agencies. The paper made review about them and analyzed the creative industries from four aspects: the development of the creative industries; the introduction of four classic definitions of creative industries; the comparisons about the four classic creative industries models; and the analysis of development trend. At last we get conclusion about creative industries. In the paper, we select four kinds of creative industries model which have profound influences in the world as cases to analyze. These four kinds of model include: UK DCMS Model; WIPO Copyright Model; UNCTAD Economy Model; China Model. We introduce the four kinds of models in detail and analyze their advantages and the limitations they faced. Then we make comparisons among these four kinds of models.

Introduction 1. The origin of creative industries The concept originate from the Austria in the report “creative nation” in 1994; The UK put forward the formal concept first in the world in 1998 by DCMS (Department of culture, media and sports) 2、The development of creative industry Nordic region; the western Europe; the eastern Europe; The developing countries; international agencies.

DCMS (Department of culture, media and sports) Model definition 3. Definition of Creative Industries DCMS (Department of culture, media and sports) Model definition Those industries which have their origin in individual creativity, skill and talent and which have a potential for wealth and job creation through the generation and exploitation of intellectual property. .

The current DCMS definition includes thirteen creative sectors The current DCMS definition includes thirteen creative sectors. They are: Advertising; Architecture; Arts; Crafts; Design; Fashion; Film & video; interactive leisure Software; Music; performing arts; Publishing; Television; Radio

WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) Copyright Model Creative industries – industries that include the cultural industries plus all cultural or artistic production whether live or produced as an individual unit. The creative industries are those in which the product or service contains a substantial element of artistic or creative endeavor

Press and Literature; Music, Theatrical Productions and Opera; Motion Picture, Video and Sound; Radio and Television; Photography, Visual and Graphic Arts, Related Professional and Technical Services; Software, Databases and New Media; Advertising Services; Copyright Collective Management Societie

UNCTAD (United Nations Conference On Trade And Development) Model The creative industries: ■ are the cycles of creation, production and distribution of goods and services that use creativity and intellectual capital as primary inputs; ■ constitute a set of knowledge-based activities, focused on but not limited to arts, potentially generating revenues from trade and intellectual property rights;

comprise tangible products and intangible intellectual or artistic services with creative content, economic value and market objectives; ■ are at the cross-road among the artisan, services and industrial sectors; And constitute a new dynamic sector in world trade The current UNCTAD definition recognizes four creative sectors. They are: Art; heritage; media; functional creations.

Definition of creative industries in china “to rely on the wisdom, skills and talents of creative people, by means of high technology to create and promote cultural resources through the development and use of intellectual property to produce high value-added products and create the industries with the wealth and potential employment. .

nine sectors: Culture and Arts; Press and Publication; Radio, television, film; software, network and computer services; advertising exhibition; art trade; Design Services; Travel and entertainment; and other support services

2.The introduction and assessment about the classic creative industry model Why choose the DCMS Model, WIPO Model, UNCTAD Model and China Model as cases to analyze. UK Model is mature compared to other model. The WIPO Model and UNCTAD Model has been practiced in many countries China is a classic example of developing countries

DCMS model The introduction to the DCMS Model “Mapping the Creative Industries” released in 1998 and 2002. 2.The Analysis to the UK creative industry with the DCMS Model The indicator: Employment ; Firm activity ; The contribution to the GDP ; exports

3. The Limitation on the DCMS Model Definition limitations Comparability limitations Classification limitations affecting data availability

1.The introduction to the WIPO Copyright Model The WIPO Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of the Copyright-based Industries was published in 2003 2.The Analysis to JAMAICA creative industries with the WIPO Copyright MODEL Indicators: The levels of employment; characteristics of the firms in the identified creative industries (including their number, their size, turnover and profit margins); and outputs, the value of exports; estimates of Gross Value Added

3.The limitation on the WIPO Copyright Model The limitations on Rights Limitations of Scope Limitations of the Organization of Statistics

UNCTAD MODEL The introduction to the UNCTAD MODEL Creative Industries and Development in 2004 “Creative Economy Report” in 2008 and 2010. 2.The Analysis to the creative industry with the UNCTAD Model Employment; Time use Trade and value added Copyright and IPR

3.The limitation of UNCTAD MODEL Dispute About the Employment Dispute about the Time use Dispute about Trade and value added

China creative Industries Model 1.The introduction to the China Creative Industries Model Beijing Cultural and Creative Industry Classification Standard. 2007 2.The Analysis to China Creative Industries with the China MODEL Indicator: The contribution to the GDP, employment, and the trade.

3.The limitation of china creative industries model The copyright limitation The conception misunderstanding The limitation: data

The comparison about the four kinds of models Make comparisons about the content of these models Classification systems for the creative industries derived from different models The DCMS Model is with the “industries-based” as the guideline; The WIPO Model is with the “copyright-based” as the guideline; The DCMS model is with the fuse of “industries-based” and “copyright-based” as the guideline; The China model learned from UK and with the “industries-based” as the guideline;

2. The means of measuring creative industry

3. The common questions all the models faced Firstly, each definition has many disputes and can’t agree with each other. Secondly, the reliability of the data

4.Looking into the Future of the Creative Industries Convergence of classification Internationalization Refining the Methodology for Measuring Intangible Assets

Thanks for your attention