Energy and Mineral Resources

Resource – anything we find useful Fossil fuels Plants Animals minerals Reserve - A resource deposit that has been identified but NOT extracted Oil and gas reserves Forest or timber reserves Uranium reserves

Strategic Mineral – any mineral important to national security

Renewable Resource A resource that can be replenished over fairly short period of time.

Nonrenewable Resources A resource that can NOT be replaced in a short time period. It could take millions of years to form & accumulate. Once the present supply is runs out, there won’t be any more!

Formation of Mineral Deposits Some of the most important mineral deposits form through igneous processes and from hydrothermal solutions. Ore is a useful metallic mineral that can be mined at a profit.

Nonmetallic Mineral Resources Nonmetallic mineral resources are extracted and processed either for the nonmetallic elements they contain or for their physical and chemical properties.

Imported Minerals Mineral % Imported Major Foreign Sources Strontium 100 Mexico, UK, Spain Columbium 100 Brazil, Malaysia, Zaire Mica (sheet) 99 India, Brazil, Malagasy Cobalt 98 Zaire, Belgium- Luxembourg, Finland, Norway, Canada Manganese 98 Brazil, Gabon, South Africa, Zaire Titanium (rutile) 97 Australia, India Chromium 91 USSR, South Africa, Turkey, Philippines Tantalum 98 Australia, India Aluminum (ores & metal) 88 Jamaica, Australia, Surinam, Canada Asbestos 87 Canada, South Africa Platinum metals UK, USSR, South Africa Tin 100 Malaysia, Thailand, Bolivia Fluorine 86 Mexico, Spain, Italy Mercury 94 Canada, Algeria, Mexico, Spain Bismuth 100 Peru, Mexico, Japan, UK Nickel 85 Canada, Norway Gold 69 Canada, Switzerland, USSR Mineral % Imported Major Foreign Sources Silver 68 Canada, Mexico, Peru, Honduras Selenium 63 Canada, Japan, Mexico Zinc 61 Canada, Mexico, Peru, Australia Tungsten 60 Canada, Bolivia, Peru, Thailand Potassium 58 Canada Cadmium 53 Mexico, Canada, Australia, Japan Antimony 100 South Africa, Mexico, P.R., China, Bolivia Tellurium 100 Peru, Canada Barium 40 Ireland, Peru, Mexico Vanadium 40 South Africa, Chile, USSR Gypsum 45 Canada, Mexico, Jamaica Petroleum 50 Canada, Venezuela, Nigeria, Netherlands, Antilles, Iran

1. How might the information shown on the chart affect the relationships between the United States and the countries listed? 2. What could happen if relations between the U.S. and any of the countries listed deteriorated?

Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons that may be used as fuel, including coal, oil, and natural gas. Coal, Oil, Natural Gas Tar Sands & Oil Shale

Environmental Drawbacks to Tar Sands Requires huge amounts of energy to refine Causes substantial land disturbance Requires large amounts of water for processing. Leaving behind contaminated water and toxic sediment New process –” Fracking”

Coal Formation Heat & Pressure transforms plant material over millions of years. Stage 1 Peat – partially decayed plant material Burns, but very dirty and smoky. Doesn’t create much heat.

Stage II – Lignite Known as a sedimentary rock or, brown coal. It is rather “soft” and crumbles easily Burns very dirty, doesn’t produce very much heat for the amt. burned Stage III - Bituminous Continued heat & pressure Produces bituminous coal, Known as “soft coal” It is Classified as a sedimentary Rock. When burning, it produces More heat than the previous forms

Stage IV – Anthracite More heat & pressure turns the coal into a metamorphic rock It has a high luster and is quite hard in comparison to the previous forms. Anthracite burns hot and produces more BTU’s (heat) than the other forms. It also burns cleaner. There is no “clean” burning coal.