1. Mining

2. How did First nation’s people use minerals
Stone
arrowheads
Clay
Used to make dyes
Soapstone
carvings
Copper
Spear heads
Bracelets
Knives

3. Indigenous People’s Perspectives on Nature and the environment
People gave thanks to Mother Nature
Indigenous People are caretakers of Mother Earth
Connection to The Spirit That Lives in All Things
Understanding of taking only what is needed

4. mining in ……

5. Metallic minerals in Manitoba
11.1% of Canada’s NICKEL
6.1% of Canadas COPPER
34.7%of Canada’s ZINC
2% of Canada’s GOLD
100% of Canada’s CESIUM
9.8% of Canada’s SILVER
$ 2.3 Billion in profits

6. Copper, Zinc, Gold, Silver
Mining in Manitoba
Flin Flon
Thompson
Wabowden
Bisset
Lac du Bonnet
Snow Lake
Copper, Zinc
Copper, Nickel
Nickel
Gold
Cesium
Copper, Zinc, Gold, Silver

7. Non-Metallic minerals
Faulkner
Harcus
Hargrave
Mafeking
Limestone, Lime
Gypsum
Sodium Chlorate
Limestone

8. Materials Mined In Canada
Gold
Iron ore
Copper
Nickel
Silver
Cesium
Aluminum
Tungsten
Cobalt
Stone
Cement
POTASH
Coal
Diamonds
Sand and Gravel
Sulfur

9. Top producers of minerals Mined around the World
Canada- Potash
Kazakhstan- Uranium
Congo- Cobalt
China- Aluminum
China- Tungsten
South Africa- Platinum
China- Sulphur
South Africa- Titanium
Russia- diamonds
Philippines- Nickel
China- Salt
China- Cadmium
China- Gold
Chile- Copper
Mexico- Silver

10. Mining Process Exploration
Trying to locate resources while trying to limit disturbance to the ground and environment

11. Mining Process Extraction
Most metals are located at least 2km below ground
Material is dug out of the ground

12. Mining Process Smelting and refining
Using heat and/ or chemicals to separate raw materials from rock

13. Tailings Leftover waste rock and chemicals from mining
Deposited into large ponds
Tailings dams can fail causing the contaminated water to spill out
Contaminates water, wetlands and can kill wildlife

14. Slag Produced when smelting and refining metals
Can contain toxic elements
Arsenic
Lead
Cadmium barium
Weathering can pollute surface and ground water

15. Negative impacts Mount Polley tailings dam BC
4 square km tailings pond from copper mine spilled into nearby lake
Toxic materials like selenium and arsenic were found in the lake
Mercury and cyanide pollution
Air bourn pollution
Land claims disputes between companies and first nations people
Different laws regarding consultations

16. Ways to be more sustainable
Exploration
GPS surveying
3D data mapping
Air mapping
Extraction
Automated equipment
Robots

17. Ways to be more sustainable
Smelting and refining
Aim to extract the most metal using the least amount of energy and produce the fewest emissions possible
Baghouses and electrostatic precipitators as ways of reducing air pollution
Energy Consumption
Use renewable energy
Wind turbines

18. Environmental stewardship
Regulation
Resource management
Mines opened today must have financial assurance that it can be reclaimed
Mine closure plans must be prepared and accepted by government authorities before mine construction begins
TSMs- Towards Sustainable Mining initiatives
Releases of mercury, nickel, and copper have dropped more than 99%

19. Positive Impacts for First Nation’s people
Provides jobs
Mining sites are close to First nation’s communities
Community benefit agreements
Resource and payment sharing

20. Negative Aspects for First Nation’s People
Contamination near communities reduces air and water quality
Lead
Mercury
Cadmium
Reduces animals in the area for hunting and fishing

21. Canada’s Involvement With other countries
Canadian companies have agreements to mine in Africa
12 countries
Iron ore, diamonds, platinum, uranium, copper, coal
Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Dominican Republic
Challenges
Projects need to develop in a way to help foreign countries and communities to benefit
Need to have environmental stewardship
Needs to be safe for workers