WaterMacMole Enzymes Cytology Transport

Water for 100 What is it about O-H bonds in water makes it a polar molecule? Oxygen has a greater attraction for electrons, so the electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom. This causes it to develop a partial negative charge while the hydrogens are partially positive.

Water for 200 What is the significance of water’s high specific heat? It takes more energy to change the temperature of water.

Water for 300 In what important chemical pathway is water a reactant? Hydrolysis (or photosynthesis)

MacMole for 100 What are the 4 classes of macromolecules? Carbohydrate, Lipid, Nucleic Acid, Protein

MacMole for 200 What are three differences between DNA and RNA? DNA Double-stranded, deoxyribose, and thymine RNA Single-stranded, ribose, and uracil.

MacMole for 300 What happens in each of the 4 levels of protein structure? 1) Sequence of amino acids formed by peptide bonds. 2) Coiling and sheet formation via hydrogen bonds. 3) Folding via hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, and hydrophobic interactions. 4) Aggregation of separate polypeptides.

Enzymes for 100 What part of an enzyme makes direct contact with a substrate? Active site

Enzymes for 200 Why might the rate of reaction of an enzyme stay constant despite an increase in substrate concentration? This will happen if the enzyme is saturated.

Enzymes for 300

Organelles for 100 What organelle would be found in unusually large amounts in leaf cells? Chloroplasts

Organelles for 200 Why are mitochondria believed to have once been independent organisms? Double membrane, circular DNA, binary fission, ribosomes

Organelles for 300 To what organelle will a signal recognition particle lead? Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Transport for 100 What is an electrochemical gradient? A difference in the concentration of charged particles (ions) across a membrane.

Transport for 200 How can some wall-less unicellular organisms alleviate conditions that arise in hypotonic environments? Contractile vacuole

Transport for 300 O 2 moving from the high concentration of capillaries to the low concentration in the interstitial fluid is an example of ____? Diffusion (a type of passive transport)

GeneticsTechDivision FINAL JEOPARDY! FINAL JEOPARDY! More Gen

Technology for 200 What are the three steps of PCR, and what are the temperatures at which they act? ~95CDenaturation ~55CPriming ~72CElongation (addition of nucleotides)

Technology for 400 How can one isolate a desired DNA fragment from a mixture of fragments? Electrophoresis

Technology for 600 What does RFLP stand for, and why are they suitable candidates for use in DNA fingerprinting? Restriction fragment length polymorphism. They have lots of variation so we can better distinguish between individuals.

Division for 200 What checkpoint prevents nondisjunction? The M checkpoint between metaphase and anaphase.

Division for 400 Use chiasmata, recombinant, synapsis, and tetrads correctly in a sentence that demonstrates their relationship. Recombinant chromosomes can result from the chiasmata that form within tetrads during synapsis.

Division for 600 A person has the same type of cancer that has been in the family for generations. How can susceptibility to cancer be inherited? Mutations to tumor suppressor genes or proto- oncogenes can be passed down from generation to generation.

Genetics for 200 AABbCcDD x AaBbCCDd What proportion of offspring would you expect to be homozygous dominant for all genes? ½ x ¼ x ½ x ½ = 1/32

Genetics for 400 To what end of an existing strand may DNA polymerase add new nucleotides, and what is the result of this limitation on the lagging strand? The 3’ end. Okazaki fragments.

Genetics for 600 What type of mutation will ALWAYS result in a shorter polypeptide chain being produced? Nonsense

More Gen. for 200 Four bacterial cells, 20-minute generation time, three-hour duration. 4 x 2 9 = 2048

More Gen. for 400 What are two ways gene expression can be stopped? Coiling of DNA (heterochromatin) Methylation RNA degradation Translation blockage Protein degradation

More Gen. for 600 What two types of genes help to regulate the cell cycle? Tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes

List three different cell wall materials and examples of organisms with each type. Cellulose – Plants Chitin – Fungi Peptidoglycan – Bacteria