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Exam on February 25 Will cover Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque period Will cover Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque period Will also cover some basic musical terminology Will also cover some basic musical terminology Listening examples (refer to GUIDES not CD tracks): 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, and 21 Listening examples (refer to GUIDES not CD tracks): 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, and 21 Bring a #2 pencil Bring a #2 pencil

Oratorio Definition: a work for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra on a sacred subject (usually Old Testament stories) Definition: a work for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra on a sacred subject (usually Old Testament stories) Many of Handel’s were in English Many of Handel’s were in English Most famous: Messiah Most famous: Messiah Written for a charity concert in Dublin, Ireland

Handel’s Messiah written in 1742 written in 1742 Not a typical oratorio because it doesn’t tell a single story Not a typical oratorio because it doesn’t tell a single story in three parts, each articulating a part of Christian doctrine. in three parts, each articulating a part of Christian doctrine. Christmas- prophesy Easter- suffering and death, Resurrection Redemption

Messiah: first excerpt (skip the overture-start your listening at track 21) (skip the overture-start your listening at track 21) Chorus “glory to God” Chorus “glory to God” Preceded by recitative (first with basso continuo, then with orchestra) Examples of text painting in chorus?

Messiah: second excerpt “Rejoice greatly” “Rejoice greatly” Aria for soprano Aria for soprano Form ABA (with orchestra introduction) Form ABA (with orchestra introduction) Virtuoso singing Virtuoso singing Listen for which words are emphasized Listen for which words are emphasized (Emphasis on certain words is a way of interpreting the text)

Messiah: third excerpt Famous “Hallelujah!” Famous “Hallelujah!” Listen for the differences between homophonic texture and fugue Listen for the differences between homophonic texture and fugue Fugue is an older style used for serious subjects, a musical symbol of tradition (eg. ”he shall reign forever and ever”) Fugue is an older style used for serious subjects, a musical symbol of tradition (eg. ”he shall reign forever and ever”)

Antonio Vivaldi Spent much of his life in Venice, Italy Spent much of his life in Venice, Italy Taught at a high-class orphanage for girls Taught at a high-class orphanage for girls Girls were highly trained musically Wrote hundreds of CONCERTOS for them

Concerto Definition: work for soloist (or a group of soloists) and orchestra Definition: work for soloist (or a group of soloists) and orchestra Most of Vivaldi’s were written for his students to play Most of Vivaldi’s were written for his students to play Most of Vivaldi’s were for stringed instruments, but he also wrote concertos for unusual instruments like piccolo and mandolin Most of Vivaldi’s were for stringed instruments, but he also wrote concertos for unusual instruments like piccolo and mandolin

Concerto Famous example: The Four Seasons Famous example: The Four Seasons Group of concertos for violin Group of concertos for violin Intended to depict winter, spring, summer, and fall Intended to depict winter, spring, summer, and fall

Vivaldi, ‘Spring” From The Four Seasons From The Four Seasons Form: alternating orchestra part (called RITORNELLO) with soloist part (called EPISODE) Form: alternating orchestra part (called RITORNELLO) with soloist part (called EPISODE) Solo episodes depict scenes from spring: birds, brook, thunder Solo episodes depict scenes from spring: birds, brook, thunder

Keyboard Music Elizabeth C. Jacquet de la Guerre Elizabeth C. Jacquet de la Guerre ( ) Prodigy on the Harpsichord (a Baroque

The ELEMENTS of MUSIC MELODY MELODY RHYTHM RHYTHM HARMONY HARMONY TEXTURE TEXTURE DYNAMICS/TEMPO DYNAMICS/TEMPO FORM FORM TIMBRE TIMBRE p.5

INSTRUMENTS STRING STRING WOODWIND WOODWIND BRASS BRASS PERCUSSION PERCUSSION Families of the Orchestra p.9

Medieval (c ) Chant (Haec Dies) Chant (Haec Dies) Organum (Haec Dies) Organum (Haec Dies) Motet (O mittisima/Virgo/Haec dies) Motet (O mittisima/Virgo/Haec dies)

RENAISSANCE: Sacred Motet: Ave Maria … Virgo serena by Josquin Deprez Motet: Ave Maria … Virgo serena by Josquin Deprez Mass: Pope Marcellus Mass (Gloria) by Giovanni Palestrina Mass: Pope Marcellus Mass (Gloria) by Giovanni Palestrina

RENAISSANCE: Secular ITALIAN MADRIGAL ITALIAN MADRIGAL A un giro by Claudio Monteverdi ENGLISH MADRIGAL ENGLISH MADRIGAL Fair Phyllis by John Farmer

Baroque Instrumental Genres Prelude & Fugue: Bach Prelude & Fugue: Bach C minor, from “Well Tempered Clavier” bk.1 Suite: Jacquet de la Guerre Suite: Jacquet de la Guerre 2nd Gigue, Suite 1 “Pièces de Clavecin” Concerto: Vivaldi Concerto: Vivaldi “Spring” from “The Four Seasons”

Baroque Vocal Genres Opera: Purcell, “Dido and Aeneas” Opera: Purcell, “Dido and Aeneas” Oratorio (“Handelian”): Handel,“Messiah” Oratorio (“Handelian”): Handel,“Messiah” Cantata (Lutheran): Bach, “A Mighty Fortress is our God” Cantata (Lutheran): Bach, “A Mighty Fortress is our God”