1. Baroque Instrumental Music
Became as important as vocal music
New instruments - improved old inst.
Great virtuosos
Early - not yet focus on individual color
Performed on whatever instruments available
Late - timbre became important
Wrote more idiomatically

2. Baroque instruments Strings (with gut strings)
Woodwinds - recorder, flute, oboe, bassoon
Brass - trumpets, horns - natural instruments
Keyboard - organ, harpsichord, clavichord

3. Baroque Concerto Opposition between two dissimilar bodies of sound
Solo Concerto
Virtuoso playing, experiments in sonority
Allegro-Adagio-Allegro
Concerto Grosso
Opposition between small group - concertino - and large group - tutti or ripieno
Bach’s 6 Brandenburg Concerti

4. Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) Biography, works and Influences
Report by ---- none this year
Like Bach - renowned in his day as a performer
Established ritornello
Use of pictorial imagery

5. Vivaldi - The Four Seasons
Based on poetry - word painting
Programmatic concerto for solo violin
First movement - “Spring”
Birds joyous welcome of spring
Murmur of streams, thunder and lightning
Ritornello or refrain

6. Baroque Suite Dances - all in the same key
Allemande - German
Courante - French
Sarabande - Spanish
Jig - English
Minuet, gavotte, bourée, passepied
Binary structure (A-B) ---> A-A-B-B
Corelli, Bach, Couperin, de la Guerre

7. Jacquet de la Guerre (c. 1666-1729)
Biography, Works and Influences
Report by none this year
Sacred cantatas, chamber music
Pieces for Harpsichord - suite

8. Baroque Orchestral Suite
Handel - Water Music
Lively rhythms and catchy melodies
Opens with French overture
#2 Alla Hornpipe
English country dance in lively triple meter
A-B-A form
Terraced dynamics

9. Baroque Sonata, etc. Sonata da camera - chamber sonata
Suite of stylized dances
Sonata da chiesa - church sonata
More serious and contrapuntal - s-f-s-f
Trio sonata - 2 violins + continuo (2 players)
Passacaglia - ground bass, stately triple meter
French Overture, Italian Overture

10. Baroque Keyboard Music
Prelude
Expansion of a melodic or rhythmic figure
Homophonic
Fugue
Subject started alone - in one voice
Imitated in another voice while 1st continues with countersubject
Opposition between home and contrasting keys

11. J.S.Bach - Prelude and Fugue in C min.
From Well-Tempered Clavier
New system of temperament - 48 preludes & fugues
Prelude
Unity of mood, single affection
Improvisatory style - perpetual motion
Fugue
In 3 voices
Subject, countersubject, bridge, episodes

12. Baroque Instrumental Forms
Can you name 4 important instrumental forms of the Baroque period?
Can you explain/describe each?
Can you give an example of a piece in each form?