5.3.1 Organisational and Institutional Analysis 1 Working with Stakeholders UPA Package 5, Module 3

5.3.1 Organisational and Institutional Analysis 2 Organisational Analysis (1) Can be used for assessment of organisations and for promotion. Makes transparent which organisations are involved and could contribute to the development process. Therefore it helps to select organisations for recruitment. Helps to identify weaknesses and requirements during implementation in order to promote the organisation. Organisations will not be examined in general but regarding to a special task or question.

5.3.1 Organisational and Institutional Analysis 3 Organisational Analysis (2) Examples for questions: Which organisations have already gathered experience in participatory working schemes? Who is able to conduct a project, e.g. concerning safe drinking water provision? Why is information not communicated inside the organisation? Two approaches: from outside = Organisational Analysis from inside = SWOT Analysis They aim at identifying problems, potentials and constraints. Both could also be combined.

5.3.1 Organisational and Institutional Analysis 4 Introduction to the Exercise This exercise could be improved if some information is collected in advance. Collect flyers and info material about prevailing organisations operating in your area. A visit to the field to interview key informants will help you to identify key issues. Make a list of all organisations which are concerned with land management and your target group (urban poor) and describe them by the following criteria. Organise the findings in a matrix.

5.3.1 Organisational and Institutional Analysis 5 Exercise Prepare a short profile of all selected organisations considering the following items: since when operating kind of projects involved actually active in which projects organisational structure and decision making patterns (short description) constraints and problems conflicts potentials

5.3.1 Organisational and Institutional Analysis 6 Working Aid (1) What is the task, vision or mission? How are they organized (staff, equipment management, financing)? How do they operate? Who are the clients? How relevant is their work? How are the external relation? –How powerful are they? –Whom do they influence?

5.3.1 Organisational and Institutional Analysis 7 Example Name of Organisation Main field of work PotentialConstraintConflict Self-help group in an informal settlement Sanitation Guided by knowledged and accepted Limited financial sources Inside struggles about leading positions Foreign donor organisation Health Service Financial resources; reliable Not directly operating in this area No clear agreement with local adminis- tration

5.3.1 Organisational and Institutional Analysis 8 Definition SWOT Analysis means to identify and assess Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats.

5.3.1 Organisational and Institutional Analysis 9 SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is an assessment of internal strengths and weaknesses (i.e. within an urban administration’s control) and external opportunities and threats (i.e. outside of the control of an urban administration). Source: Urban Planning and Management Project, 2002: 13

5.3.1 Organisational and Institutional Analysis 10 A SWOT Worksheet StrengthsWeaknesses OpportunitiesThreats Challenges Positive Aspects Internal External

5.3.1 Organisational and Institutional Analysis 11 Example ElementExample Strength A resource/asset Influence/power/knowledge A natural or man-made feature (a river or an historic building). Weakness A shortcoming/deficiencyIllegal dumping or waste burning in an urban area. Opportunity A chance that arises externally to enhance an area and the well-being of its citizens. A growing trend among foreign tourists to visit historic buildings has yet to result in more tourism to the area. Threat An external factor that might cause problems. Industrial discharge to the river up stream may pollute the water supply, cause health problems, and create a foul smell. Source:Urban Planning and Management Project, 2002: 13 (adapted)

5.3.1 Organisational and Institutional Analysis 12 Example of a SWOT Worksheet: The Economic Situation of Phuket (Thailand) Strengths Centre of administration, business, tourism, services, financing, banking, restaurants and hotels Opportunities Supporting projects of foreign donors, being an international city. Devaluation of the increasing foreign tourism. Threats Increased tourism leads to high cost of living and wages. The greater the number of tourists the more damage to the environment or heritage buildings as the resource is being more extensively used. Weaknesses Lack of basic infrastructure such as water supply and public transport/ sources of agricultural products. Source: Urban Planning and Management Project, 2002: 13