The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

Unit XIII The Eighteenth-Century Concerto and Sonata “Give me the best instrument in Europe, but listeners who understand nothing or do not wish to understand and who do not feel with me in what I am playing, and all my pleasure is spoilt.” —W. A. Mozart   The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

37. The Classical Concerto The Movements of the Concerto I: fast II: slow III: fast Cadenza Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 21, II (piano entrance) Mozart: Clarinet Concerto, III Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 21, I (cadenza) 36. The Classical Concerto The Movements of the Concerto The Classical concerto form has three movements: fast-slow-fast Feature of the concerto: cadenza (a fanciful solo passage in the manner of an improvisation toward the end of the movement) The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Orchestral Exposition The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition I. The First Movement First-movement Concerto Form: Sonata-allegro with a double exposition A A’ B A Orchestral Exposition Solo Exposition Development Recapitulation First movement The longest and most complex Combines Baroque ritornello with sonata-allegro form Resulting form called first-movement concerto form Sometimes described as a sonata-allegro with a double exposition Key change to dominant or relative major comes in the second exposition Modulation to new key area Various themes Theme I Transition Theme II Closing Theme I Theme II Coda Trans. & piano theme Cadenza The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition II. The Second Movement Slow and lyrical Andante, Adagio, or Largo Second movement Slow and lyrical, generally an Andante, Adagio, or Largo The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition III. The Third Movement Allegro molto or Presto Sonata-allegro or Rondo form Rondo A-B-A-B-A, or A-B-A-C-A, or A-B-A-C-A-B-A, etc. Sonata-allegro Theme I Closing Theme II Trans. Coda Exposition Development Recapitulation A B Third movement Typically an Allegro molto or Presto, shorter than the first movement In rondo form or sonata-allegro form The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Mozart: Piano Concerto in G major, K. 453 Written for Barbara von Ployer One of Mozart’s students Mozart: Piano Concerto in G major, K. 453 (Listening Guide) Mozart’s role was crucial to the development of the genre Mainly written as display pieces for his own performances During 1784 he wrote 6 piano concertos, one of which was written for a student, Barbara von Ployer (K. 453) The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Mozart: Piano Concerto in G major, K. 453 (Listening Guide) I: Allegro, concerto form Exposition Orchestral exposition Piano soloist exposition, with new theme Orchestral tutti Development Recapitulation with cadenza Coda I: Allegro, concerto form Exposition Orchestral exposition Piano soloist exposition, with new theme Orchestral tutti Development Recapitulation with cadenza Coda II: Lyrical Andante Also features a double exposition III: Allegretto in 2/2 Theme and variations form Presto coda closes the work Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Famous Women Virtuosos of the Eighteenth Century Noble and upper-middle-class women Music teachers and professional performers : Maria Anna Mozart “Nannerl” Maria Theresa von Paradis Barbara von Ployer Society dictated that noble and upper-middle-class women study music Many women made a living as music teachers and professional performers Three women associated with Mozart were impressive keyboard players Maria Anna Mozart “Nannerl” (Mozart’s sister) Maria Theresa von Paradis (blind pianist and organist) Barbara von Ployer (student of Mozart) The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Janissary Music “Turkish” vogue Mozart’s Violin Concerto No. 5 The Abduction from the Seraglio Sonata in A Major, K. 331 Mozart: The abduction from the Seraglio, Overture Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were influenced by Janissary music “Turkish” music was in vogue in the late 18th century Heard also in Mozart’s Violin Concerto No. 5, finale, his comic opera The Abduction from the Seraglio, and the Sonata in A Major, K. 331 Beethoven: The Ruins of Athens, “Turkish March” The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

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The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition 38. The Classical Sonata The Movements of the Sonata Three or four contrasting movements - Fast-slow-fast - Fast-slow-moderate-fast 37. The Classical Sonata The Classical sonata was written either for one solo instrument or two The Movements of the Sonata Three or four contrasting movements Similar to string quartet, symphony, concerto (Fast-slow-moderate-fast) Beethoven: Sonata No. 8 The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Beethoven: Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 (Moonlight) (Listening Guide) Title given after Beethoven's death Dedicated to Countess Giuletta Guicciardi Once thought to be Beethoven's "Immortal Beloved” 1994 film Immortal Beloved inspired by this story The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Beethoven: Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 (Moonlight) (Listening Guide) Breaks with conventional formal molds Retains the three-movement format I: Adagio sostenuto Modified song form: the piano melodies "sing” "Dreamy" tone, in C-sharp minor II: Allegretto Scherzo-trio form, D-flat major Frequent use of syncopation A movement of respite LISTENING GUIDE PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Beethoven: Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 (Moonlight) (Listening Guide) III: Presto agitato Sonata-allegro form in C-sharp minor Tension-filled with contrasting themes and restless motion Remains one of the most beloved works of the Classical repertory The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition www.wwnorton.com/enjoy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition