1. Sonata Form Classical Period

2. Sonata form The sonata is broken up into the following sections: –1 st movement: Allegro –2 nd movement: Slow –3rd movement: Minuet and Trio or Scherzo –4th movement: Allegro

3. 1 st Movement - Allegro The first movement of the sonata is broken up into three sections: exposition, development and recapitulation. Most of the musical ideas come from two main themes known as the first and second subject. –In the exposition the material is presented for the first time. There are two main melodies known as the first and second subject. 1 st subject from Haydn’s Sonata 2 nd subject. Modulated to D Major

4. 1 st Movement The first subject is in the tonic key. The second subject is in a different key, usually the dominant or the relative minor, and has a different character. The two subjects are connected by a transition or bridge passage. –Tonic key: The original key signature of the piece –Dominant: the key that is a perfect 5 th above the tonic key. E.g.. If the key is C major the dominant is G major. –Relative Minor: Minor scales that have the same key signature as the major scale and key signature. E.g.. The relative minor of G Major is E Minor.

5. 1 st Movement –In the development section the material from the exposition is transformed. The music goes through several modulations

6. 1 st Movement –In the recapitulation the material from the exposition is recapped - repeated in a slightly different and shorter form. The first and second subjects are now both heard in the tonic key.

7. 2 nd Movement - Slow Theme and variation: material is repeated but in an altered form. The changes may involve harmony, melody, counterpoint, rhythm, timbre, orchestration or any combination of these. Chopin – Nocturne in F Minor

8. 3 rd Movement Made of Minuet and Trio or later in the classical period, Scherzo and Trio. This movement is a social dance and has a 3/4 time signature.

9. 3 rd Movement Minuet and Trio: –¾ Time Signature –Dance tempo –Binary form: AB sections –Trio: three instruments Luigi Boccherini Minuet

10. 3 rd Movement Scherzo and Trio –¾ Time Signature –Dance tempo and feel –Ternary form: ABA sections –Trio: three instruments Note: The B section is the Trio

11. Schubert - Piano Sonata in B Flat Major (scherzo and Trio)

12. 4 th Movement - Allegro Set out as either theme and variations or in Rondo form –Rondo Form: ABACAD… Haydn piano sonata 8 - 4th movement