Animal Cell Organization Learning the Parts of a Cell

Cell Basics All living things are made of cells There are trillions of cells in your body New cells are constantly replacing old cells Cells contain parts called organelles Plant and animal cells are different but we are going to focus on the animal cell

The Building Blocks of Life Cells are small units that hold all of the biological equipment needed to keep an organism alive Organization Carry Out Different Functions Hold Hereditary Information

The Different Parts Cell Membrane Nucleus DNA/Chromosomes Proteins Ribosomes Vesicles Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Vacuoles Lysosomes

There are so many parts, how can we learn them all? Compare the parts of a cell to something easier to understand and more memorable!! How about a Cookie Factory?

The Different Parts Factory Building Walls and Doors Main Office Cookies Baking Ingredients Cookie Recipe Packages for Finished Cookies Machinery and Ovens Generator for Energy Conveyor Belts Machinery to Modify and Package Jars to store ingredients Trash system for waste

Cell Membrane Factory Walls Surrounding border Separates the inside from the outside Is semi-permeable and has gates to move things in and out Made up of a phospholipid bilayer Surrounding border Separates the inside from the outside Has doors and windows to move things in and out Made of strong building materials phospholipid bilayer Cookie Factory Equivalent?

phospholipid bilayer Made of proteins and lipids The phospholipids make the formation The proteins are found around the holes phospholipid The heads like water (hydrophilic) The tails do not like water (hydrophobic) These two layers are what form the bilayer

Nucleus Main Office The brain of the cell Houses the hereditary material - DNA Controls eating, movement and reproduction of the cell Issues commands to the cell The brain of the factory Houses the top secret recipe Controls the entire cookie making process of the factory Issues commands to the factory Cookie Factory Equivalent?

Proteins Cookies Major compound of the cell Essential for continuance of cell Made from a list of amino acids Major compound of the factory Essential for continuance of factory Made from a list of ingredients Cookie Factory Equivalent?

Amino Acids Ingredients Building blocks of proteins Different combinations make different proteins Building blocks of cookies Different combinations make different cookies Cookie Factory Equivalent?

Vacuoles Jars Storage bubbles of the cell Store food and nutrients Storage containers of the factory Store ingredients and supplies Cookie Factory Equivalent?

REVIEW What have we looked at so far??

Match the following: Cell Membrane Main Office Cookies Proteins Ingredients Amino Acids Jars Vacuoles

Ribosomes Baking Machinery Protein builders Build chains of amino acids Located in many places throughout the cell Can be on the Endoplasmic Reticulum or free floating Cookie makers Put ingredients together Located in many places throughout the factory Can be part of machinery that mobilizes the product with conveyor belts or separate Cookie Factory Equivalent?

Endoplasmic Reticulum Conveyor Belts Packaging system that transports proteins Smooth ER – storage organelle Rough ER – synthesis and packaging of proteins Transports the product Can send the cookies to a storage room Can send the cookies to a packing room Cookie Factory Equivalent?

Golgi Complex Packaging Machinery Gathers simple molecules and combines them to form larger, complex molecules Stores the large molecules in vesicles for later use or to send them out Package several bags of cookies into large boxes for shipment Sends the boxes to storage or out for shipment to stores Cookie Factory Equivalent?

Vesicles Boxes Pinched off of the Golgi membrane Sent out for transportation of materials Taken off of the machinery Sent out for transportation of the product Cookie Factory Equivalent?

Lysosomes Waste Breakdown and Recycle Gets rid of cell waste through digestion Recycles nutrients and proteins Cleans up the cell Gets rid of waste Recycles reusable goods Cleans the factory Cookie Factory Equivalent?

Mitochondria Energy Generator System the creates energy for the cell Number of mitochondria in a cell depends on how much energy is needed “Powerhouse” that runs the cell System that creates energy for the factory Number of generators in a factory depends on how much energy is needed “Powerhouse” that runs the factory Cookie Factory Equivalent?

REVIEW II More cell parts to remember!

Replace the function with the name: Controls the cell Responsible for cell energy Transports materials Combines small molecules to form larger molecules Protects cell from the outside Protein builders Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Membrane Mitochondria Golgi Complex

Mighty Mitochondria Multiple mitochondria in each cell Takes nutrients and breaks them down into energy Can grow, move and combine with other mitochondria Responsible for 90% of energy needed by the body

Without Mitochondria Cells would not have the energy to survive Without cells, tissues die Dead tissues result in organ failure Without organs, our bodies would fail Cardiac muscle tissue Cardiac muscle cell Mitochondria Heart

Mitochondrial Diseases Result from failures of the mitochondria causing less energy to be generated in the cell. Symptoms

Mitochondria are very important organelles!! Mitochondria Quiz

The Parts Make the Whole All parts of the cell are important Cell could not survive without the system Just like the Cookie Factory