By: Nur Shehzad 6D Yellow Fever in Brazil

Introduction This presentation will persuade the United Nations (UN) to give money to Brazil so that they combat yellow fever more effectively by buying more vaccines, employing more health professionals and getting more equipment to monitor the disease.

What is Yellow Fever? Yellow fever is transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes from infected monkeys. The picture is a microscopic view of the yellow fever virus.

Yellow Fever in South America Tropical regions of Africa and South America are parts of the world that have yellow fever. In South America, there are two classification of yellow fever; the “Jungle Yellow Fever” and the “Urban Yellow Fever”. Men whose work requires them to go into the rainforests and have not been immunized are exposed to the“Jungle yellow fever”. Jungle yellow fever starts out as a disease of monkeys. Aedes mosquitoes transfer the disease from monkey to man. “Urban Yellow Fever” occurs when the Aedes mosquitoes transmit the yellow fever from person to person. The Aedes mosquitoes are most active during the rainy season, which in South America occurs from January to May. The peak incidence of yellow fever is from February to March.

Reasons 1 (map) As shown on the right, Brazil has in comparison the largest area at risk for yellow fever transmission. This is likely because Brazil has the biggest size among its neighboring countries and probably has the largest area of rainforests in South America. Peru with a smaller land area than Argentina seems to have more areas at risk probably because it has more rainforests than Argentina. More rainforests brings a higher risk of yellow fever transmission because there will probably be more monkeys and more breeding areas for Aedes mosquitoes that transmits the disease.

Reasons 2 (graph) The map shows that the number of tourist arrivals in Brazil is, over the period from 2005 to 2009, consistently more than Peru, Colombia and Argentina. Further, Brazil’s estimated population is 201,103,330. Colombia’s 44,725,543, Argentina’s 41,343,201 and Peru’s estimated population is 29,907,003. The large population size of almost 5-7 times more than its neighbors and the higher number of international tourist arrivals put Brazil at the highest risk for the “Urban Yellow Fever” especially when there are a lot of active Aedes mosquitoes carriers of the “Jungle Yellow Fever”.

Conclusion The UN should give money to Brazil because of these reasons:  Death rate might increase due to people dying from Yellow Fever.  Cross border transmission might occur especially with tourists.  It has a larger land area which might mean more rainforest. More rainforest might result in more breeding area for the Aedes for example stagnant water. The End

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