The Birth of the Constitution

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Presentation transcript:

The Birth of the Constitution USHC 1.4

The Articles of Confederation First plan of government WEAK Replaced by Constitution

Articles vs. Constitution Federalism “A Firm League of Friendship” “A More Perfect Union” Representation of States EQUAL Proportional (House) Equal (Senate) Taxation States ONLY State & Federal Powers of Congress Foreign Relations Army and Navy Declare War Ambassadors Treaties In addition to the Articles: Interstate Commerce Currency Crush Rebellions Amendments UNANIMOUS 2/3 Congress + 3/4 States

Problems With the Articles

Shays’ Rebellion

Bad Economy Image by Beyond My Ken

The Constitutional Convention Philadelphia, Summer 1787 Stated Purpose: Amend the Articles

Articles vs. Constitution Federalism “A Firm League of Friendship” “A More Perfect Union” Representation of States EQUAL Proportional (House) Equal (Senate) Taxation States ONLY State & Federal Powers of Congress Foreign Relations Army and Navy Declare War Ambassadors Treaties In addition to the Articles: Interstate Commerce Currency Crush Rebellions Amendments UNANIMOUS 2/3 Congress + 3/4 States

Compromises Lots of Them!

Statistics From the 1790 Census Percentage of Population State Population Percentage of Total Regional Population Number of Slaves Percentage of Population New Hampshire 141,885 4% 158 0% Massachusetts 378,787 10% Connecticut 237,946 7% 2,759 1% Rhode Island 68,825 2% 152 NEW ENGLAND 23% 827,443 New Jersey 184,139 5% 11,423 6% New York 340,120 9% 21,324 Pennsylvania 434,373 12% 3,737 MIDDLE STATES 958,632 NORTH OF MASON/DIXON 49% 1,786,075 39,853 Delaware 59,096 8,887 15% Maryland 319,728 103,036 32% Virginia 747,610 20% 293,427 39% North Carolina 393,751 11% 100,572 26% South Carolina 249,073 107,094 43% Georgia 82,548 29,264 35% THE SOUTH 51% 1,851,806 642,280 94% TOTAL POPULATION 3,637,881 SLAVE POPULATION 681,833 Sources: http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0004986.html http://manyeyes.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes/visualizations/slave-population-of-us-states-and-te

VIRGINIA PLAN James Madison new jersey plan One Vote Per State Bicameral Legislature Based on POPULATION new jersey plan Doesn’t Matter Unicameral Legislature One Vote Per State

House of Representatives State Legislatures (INDIRECT) “GREAT COMPROMISE” House of Representatives Lower House Senate Upper House Based on POPULATION Two Votes Per State Elected by Voters (DIRECT) Appointed by State Legislatures (INDIRECT)

The “Three-Fifths” Compromise A “Not So Great” Compromise FOR THE SOUTH FOR THE NORTH Slaves count 3/5 of a person for Congressional representation. Congress can “regulate” international slave trade in 20 years. 3/5 3/5

# of Electors = Senators + Representatives Electoral College Each state will send electors to cast votes for President. # of Electors = Senators + Representatives

AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION 2 3 3 4

States necessary to ratify the Constitution 9 States necessary to ratify the Constitution

Ratification Federalists Antifederalists Supported Opposed

“National” Government Federalist Arguments Antifederalist Objections Stronger Central Government Better Economy Law and Order Unlimited Terms NO Bill of Rights “National” Government

(aka, The Federalist Papers) James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay

Bill of Rights Compromise

Amendment X The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.