1. Essential Question How did the U.S. approach creating a new government? How did the U.S. approach creating a new government?

2. A New Constitution

3. Nationalists George Washington, Alexander Hamilton. Benjamin Franklin George Washington, Alexander Hamilton. Benjamin Franklin Supported the need for a stronger central government Supported the need for a stronger central government

4. James Madison Researched government ideas Researched government ideas Father of the Constitution Father of the Constitution

5. Constitutional Convention Philadelphia Philadelphia May 1787 May 1787 Rhode Island did not attend Rhode Island did not attend

6. Constitutional Convention 55 Delegates 55 Delegates George Washington = presiding officer George Washington = presiding officer

7. Virginia Plan Presented by Edmund Randolph, governor of Virginia Presented by Edmund Randolph, governor of Virginia

8. Virginia Plan Bicameral (two houses) Bicameral (two houses) Number of representatives based upon population Number of representatives based upon population

9. New Jersey Plan Offered by William Paterson Offered by William Paterson Unicameral (one house) Unicameral (one house) Each state has equal representation Each state has equal representation

10. Connecticut (Great) Compromise Roger Sherman Roger Sherman Two houses in Congress Two houses in Congress House of Representatives – based on population House of Representatives – based on population Senate – equal representation Senate – equal representation

11. Three-Fifths Compromise Division between North and South Division between North and South How to count the slave population? How to count the slave population?

12. Ratification Approved by Congress in Sept. 1787 Approved by Congress in Sept. 1787 Needed nine out of thirteen states to approve for it to take effect Needed nine out of thirteen states to approve for it to take effect

13. Ratification

14. Great Debate Each state elected a convention to vote on the Constitution Each state elected a convention to vote on the Constitution Two groups formed – those who supported it and those who rejected it Two groups formed – those who supported it and those who rejected it

15. Federalists Supporters of the Constitution Supporters of the Constitution The central government should have more power than the states The central government should have more power than the states

16. Anti-Federalists Opponents to the Constitution Opponents to the Constitution States should have more power than federal government States should have more power than federal government

17. The Federalist Main document supporting the Constitution Main document supporting the Constitution 85 essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay 85 essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay

18. Ratification Dec. 1787 to Jan. 1788 – first states to ratify the Constitution: Dec. 1787 to Jan. 1788 – first states to ratify the Constitution: - Delaware - Pennsylvania - New Jersey - Georgia - Connecticut

19. Ratification Massachusetts Massachusetts Voted yes after a promise was made to attach a Bill of Rights to the Constitution Voted yes after a promise was made to attach a Bill of Rights to the Constitution

20. Ratification By June 1788: By June 1788: - Maryland - South Carolina - New Hampshire

21. Ratification By July 1788 (after receiving a promise for a Bill of Rights): By July 1788 (after receiving a promise for a Bill of Rights): - Virginia - New York

22. Ratification With the nine needed votes, the new government was set to begin on March 4, 1789 With the nine needed votes, the new government was set to begin on March 4, 1789

23. Ratification After the Constitution was ratified and the new government begun After the Constitution was ratified and the new government begun Rhode Island and North Carolina ratified Rhode Island and North Carolina ratified