JICA’s Assistance for Disaster Prevention -Building a Strong Country Against Disasters- 12 October 2005 Masafumi NAGAISHI Team Director, Disaster Management Team, Group III (Water Resources and Disaster Management), Global Environment Department, JICA Workshop for Development of Comprehensive Strategies for Safer Housing for Earthquakes in Developing Countries focusing on Conventional Houses

Contents 1. JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Prevention 2. Current Trend of Assistance in Disaster Prevention 3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance and in the On-going Projects (1)Mexico (CENAPRED Project) (2)Peru (CISMID Project) (3)a series of assistance in Turkey (4)El Salvador (South-South Cooperation) 4. JICA’s Approach to Effective Assistance in Disaster Prevention 5. JICA’s Organization (1)Issue-based Department (2)On-going Project in charge of Disaster Management Team

1.JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Prevention - Disaster Management Cycle -Preparedness Recovery Response/Relief Mitigation Preparation for Disaster (Development Studies, Grant Aid, Tech. Coop. Projects) Disaster Impact Relieve Disaster Victims (Disaster Relief) Recovery from Disaster (Development Studies, Grant Aid) Learn from Past Experiences (Technical Training) Learn from Past Experiences (Technical Training) JICA’s Assistance Corresponding to Disaster Management Cycle (DMC) Grant Aid

1.JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Prevention - Past Performance - ▲●Philippines （ flood, earthquake ） ▲ ： Development Study ● ： Grant Aid ◆： Technical Cooperation Project ▲Iran (earthquake) Turkey ◆ ▲ (earthquake) ▲Morocco (flood) ▲ Colombia (disaster in general) ▲Armenia (landslide) ● Cambodia (flood) Maldives● (tsunami) ●Fiji （ meteorology ） Honduras● (hurricane) ◆ Nepal (disaster in general) ▲●Bangladesh (flood, meteorology) ◆ Romania (earthquake) ◆ Barbados (disaster mgt) Disaster Management Project Conducted (1990 to 2003)  about 170 Mexico ◆ (earthquake) Peru ◆ (earthquake)

Disaster Type by Year By Disaster Type (After 1990) Flood Sediment Earthquake 7.7% Volcanic Eruption 2.9% Draught 49.5% 17.3% Hurricane /Typhoon 9.6% Strom Surge 8.2% 1.JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Prevention - Past Performance -

By Region Region by Year South East Asia Africa East Asia South West Asia Central America, Caribbean Pacific South America Middle East 1.JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Prevention - Past Performance - (After 1990)

Scheme by Year By Scheme (After 1990) Grant Aid Technical Cooperation Project Development Study 1.JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Prevention - Past Performance -

Relief > Mitigation Structural Measures Optimum Combination of Structural and Non- Structural Measures Capacity Development of Central and Local Government Enhancement of Individual and Community’s coping capacity to Natural Disaster Mitigation > Relief 2. Current Trend of Assistance in Disaster Prevention

Flood Control Centered to Various Disasters Structural Centered Measures to Integrated Approach with Non- structural Measures Reconstruction Assistance with the Viewpoint of Sustainable Development Emergency Assistance with the Viewpoint of Development from the Needs / Damage Assessment Stages 2. Current Trend of Assistance in Disaster Prevention

(1)Mexico The Earthquake Disaster Prevention Project (CENAPRED Project) (2)Peru The Japan-Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Disaster Mitigation (CISMID Project) (3)Turkey The Establishment of Earthquake Disaster Prevention Research Center The Study on a Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Basic Plan in Istanbul Disaster and Emergency Management Training Training Project on Disaster Mitigation (4)El Salvador Enhancement of Technology for Construction of Earthquake-Resistant Popular Housing (South-South Cooperation) 3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance and in the On-going Projects

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - CENAPRED Project in Mexico - Mar/1990 Completion of Construction of CENAPRED and Provision of Machinery and Equipment by Grant Aid (1.25billion yen) Mar/1990 Signing of Record of Discussion (R/D) for 5-years Original Period of CENAPRED Project Mar/1995 Signing of R/D for 2-years Extension Period of CENAPRED Project R/D Apr/1990-Mar/ years Original Period Apr/1995-Mar/ years Extension Period

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - CENAPRED Project in Mexico - Counterpart in Mexico National Disaster Prevention Center (CENAPRED) Input by Japanese side for 7-years Project Period ItemsVolume Experts (Japanese)Long-Term22 person Short-Term86 person Counterpart Personnel for Training in Japan 23 person Provision of Machinery and Equipment202 mil. yen Allocation of Local Cost156 mil. yen

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - CENAPRED Project in Mexico - 1. Researchers those people concerned with construction obtain and improve theknowledge in the field of earthquake resistant structure and strong motionearthquake observation. 2. DRO (Director Responsible for Works) obtain and improve the knowledge on seismicengineering and earthquake resistance engineering. 3. Research outputs are disseminated among those who concerned with constructionand information of disaster prevention is disseminated among people at large. Outputs CENAPRED functions as an organizationexecuting investigations, training and disseminating activities Projects Purpose Overall Goal Earthquake Disaster Prevention in Mexico is promoted.

Oct/1999 Signing of M/M for 1-years Aftercare Program of CISMID Project Jun/1991 Signing of R/D for 2-years Extension Period of CISMID Project Jun/1986 Signing of Record of Discussion (R/D) for 5-years Original Period of CISMID Project Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - CISMID Project in Peru - R/D M/M Jun/1986-Jun/ years Original Period Jun/1991-Jun/ years Extension Period Apr/2000-Mar/ year Aftercare Program

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - CISMID Project in Peru - Counterpart in Peru The Japan-Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Mitigation (CISMID) (composed of the staff in) National University of Engineering (UNI) Input by Japanese side for 7-years Project Period ItemsVolume Experts (Japanese)Long-Term14 person Short-Term31 person Counterpart Personnel for Training in Japan 39 person Provision of Machinery and Equipment628 mil. yen

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - CISMID Project in Peru - 1. To conduct experimental and analyticalresearch necessary to improve seismicperformance of buildings in Peru, thuscontributing to the development of seismicand economical construction techniques. 2. To study safety assessment againstearthquake disasters in urban areas andmeasures to mitigate the disasters in orderto prepare for possible disasters in urbanarea in Peru. Projects Purpose To study, develop and improve systematically technologies and techniques on earthquake disaster mitigation in Peru Technology Development To establish coursesin the field of earthquakeengineering includingseismology and urbandisaster mitigation forthe purpose of providingbasic education andtraining in the said field. Training Program To transfer the researchresults of theTechnologyDevelopment to otherresearch, academic, andadministrative bodies,so that the results canbe effectivelyincorporated intopractice. Dissemination Activities

Oct/2005-Jul/2007 Training Project on Disaster Mitigation Oct/1999 Signing of S/W on “the Study on Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Basic Plan in Istanbul including Seismic Microzonation” Mar/1993 Signing of Record of Discussion (R/D) for Project Type Technical Cooperation Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - a series of assistance in Turkey - R/D Apr/1994-Mar/1999 Project Type Technical Cooperation Apr/2001-Dec/2002 Development Study S/W Jul/2003-Mar/2005 Disaster and Emergency Management Training for Managers

ItemsVolume EDCVEEER ExpertsLong-Term (Chief Advisor:2 person +Coordinatoer:2 person) 2 person Short-Term44 person17 person Counterpart Personnel for Training in Japan 7 person8 person Provision of Machinery and Equipment199 mil. yen209 mil. yen 3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance -The Establishment of Earthquake Disaster Prevention Research Center in Turkey- Earthquake Disaster Prevention Research Center [Ankara] Earthquake Data Collection and Vulnerability Evaluation Subcenter (EDCVE) General Directorate of Disaster Affairs, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement [Ankara] Earthquake Engineering Research Subcenter (EER) Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University [Istanbul] Counterpart Organization Input by Japanese side

Super Goal Reduction of earthquake risk in Turkey Time-saving for emergency responses by establishing of practical system after an earthquake Reduction of vulnerability of buildings by the upgrading of structural performance against earthquakes Project Goal To accumulate knowledge for information system of earthquake: damage-analyzing for settlement and personnel To establish experimental systems for improving structural performance against earthquakes Project Purpose EDCVE Subcenter EER Subcenter 3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance -The Establishment of Earthquake Disaster Prevention Research Center in Turkey- Outputs 1.As an organization in the EDPC to establish and manage EDCVE Subcenter, and training people 2.To establish EDCVE system, with several local stations and one regional station at Samsun, having one center station at Ankara, and to establish the groundwork of accumulation system for data-analysis techniques of earthquake disasters 1.As an organization in the EDPC to establish and manage EER Subcenter, and training people 2.By using each experimental system in the EER Subcenter, accumulation of experimental data on retrofitting and strengthening of buildings

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the On-Going Project - El Salvador (South-South Cooperation) - Project Name Enhancement of Technology for Construction of Earthquake-Resistant Popular Housing Project Period Jun/2003-May/2008 (5-years) Input by Mexico, Peru and Japan Experts Counterpart Training in Japan Provision of Machinery and Equipment Experts Counterpar t Training in Mexico Counterpart Ministerio de Obras Publicas, Vice Ministerio de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano (VMVDU) Universidad Centroamericana (UCA) Universidad el Salvador (UES) Fundasion Salvadorena de Desarrollo y Vivienda Minima (FUNDASAL) Experts Counterpar t Training in Peru Japan El Salvador Mexico Peru South-South Cooperation

Overall Goal To mitigate of earthquake disaster for low-income people in El Salvador. To improve earthquake-resistant of popular housing 3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the On-Going Project - El Salvador (South-South Cooperation) - Projects Purpose 1. Equipment, facilities and systems for earthquake-resistance experiment ofpopular housing is established. 2. Researchers and engineers obtain the technologies and techniques ofearthquake-resistance engineering and the capacity of dissemination isimproved. 3. The model of earthquake-resistant popular housing is completed. 4. Establishment of the system for dissemination of the model of earthquake-resistant popular housing 5. Promotion for the construction of earthquake-resistant popular housing. Outputs

4. JICA’s Approach to Effective Assistance in Disaster Prevention (4) Approaching to Promoting Community- Based Disaster Management Activities from the Viewpoint of “Human-Securities” (3) Assisting in Formulating Comprehensive Disaster Management Plan (2) Assisting for Disaster Risk Identification and Assessment (1) Incorporating Disaster Management Viewpoint into Socio-Economic Development 4 Main Approaches

Recognizing endemic disaster risk as a disincentive for socio-economic development such as poverty reduction Supporting sustainable development efforts incorporating mitigation of existing disaster risk and preparedness for potential risk 4. JICA’s Approach to Effective Assistance in Disaster Prevention (1) Incorporating Disaster Management Viewpoint into Socio-Economic Development

Assistance in risk assessment by making hazard maps, promotion of information management and exchange among entities at national, regional and community levels 4. JICA’s Approach to Effective Assistance in Disaster Prevention (2) Assisting for Disaster Risk Identification and Assessment

Formulating comprehensive disaster management master plan and subsequent action plans Including capacity development of disaster- related government institutions, improvement of legal and institutional system, and awareness raising for disaster management activities at national, regional and community levels (3) Assisting in Formulating Comprehensive Disaster Management Plan 4. JICA’s Approach to Effective Assistance in Disaster Prevention

Improving disaster management capability of local community and individuals directly Promoting cooperative efforts towards disaster preparedness between governmental and community entities 4. JICA’s Approach to Effective Assistance in Disaster Prevention (4) Approaching to Promoting Community- Based Disaster Management Activities from the Viewpoint of “Human-Securities”

5. JICA’s Organization - Organization Chart - President Senior Vice-President Vice-President Auditors Office of Auditors Office of the President Office of Audit Headquarters Domestic Offices Overseas Offices General Affairs Department Personnel Department Finance and Accounting Department Procurement Department Planning and Coordination Department Regional Department Issue-based Department Training Affairs and Citizen Participation Department Grant Aid Management Department Secretariat of Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) Secretariat of Japan Disaster Relief Team (JDR) Human Resources Assignment Department 46 groups and 146 teams in 56 places in 19 places Ms. Sadako OGATA

5. JICA’s Organization - Issue-based Department and Disaster Management Team - Social Development Department Human Development Department Global Environment Department Rural Development Department Economic Development Department Group I: Forest and Nature Conservation Group II: Environmental Management Group III: Water Resources and Disaster Management Water Resources Management Team I Water Resources Management Team II Disaster Management Team - Governance - Gender - Information and Communication Technology (ICT) - Transportation - Urban and Regional Development - Basic Education - Technical and Higher Education - Health Personnel Development - Health Administration - Reproductive Health - Infectious Disease Control - Poverty Reduction - Rural Development - Agricultural Development - Fisheries Cooperation - Economic Policy and Private Sector Development - Tourism - Natural Resources and Energy

Flood and Sediment IndonesiaTCPIntegrated Sediment-related Disaster Management Project for Volcanic Area DSThe Study on Countermeasures for Sedimentation in Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam Reservoir PhilippinesTCPStrengthening the Flood Management Function on DPWH (Department of Public Works and Highways) LaosTCPThe Project on Riverbank Protection Works ChinaDSThe Study for Prevention of Landslide Disaster at Xioajing River Basin in Yunnan Province TajikistanDSThe Study on the Natural Disaster Prevention Project in Pyanj River UzbekistanTCPCreation of the Testing Sites on Monitoring of Landslide Process ArmeniaDSThe Study on Landslide Disaster Management IranDSThe Study on Flood and Debris Flow in the Caspian Coastal Area focusing in the Flood-hit Region in Golestan Province MoroccoTCPFlood Mitigation and Preparedness in the Atlas Region ColombiaDSThe Study on Monitoring and Early Warning System for Landslides and Floods 5. JICA’s Organization - On-going Project in charge of Disaster Management Team - TCP: Technical Cooperation Project DS: Development Study

Volcanic EcuadorTCPProject for Enhancement of the Volcano Monitoring Capacity Earthquake IranTCPEstablishment of Emergency Response Plan for the First 72- hours after an Earthquake TurkeyTCPTraining Project in Disaster Management AlgeriaDSThe Study of Seismic Microzonating of the Wilaya Algiers RomaniaTCPThe Project on the Reduction of Seismic Risk for Buildings and Structures El SalvadorTCPEnhancement of Technology for Construction of Earthquake- Resistant Popular Housing Tsunami IndonesiaDSUrgent Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Plan for Banda Aceh City Sri LankaDSRecovery, Rehabilitation and Development Project for Tsunami Affected Area of Eastern Region DSRecovery, Rehabilitation and Development Project for Tsunami Affected Area of Southern Region MaldivesDSUrgent Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Islands in Maldives affected by the Tsunami Disaster 5. JICA’s Organization - On-going Project in charge of Disaster Management Team - TCP: Technical Cooperation Project DS: Development Study

5. JICA’s Organization - On-going Project in charge of Disaster Management Team - TCP: Technical Cooperation Project DS: Development Study Coastal Erosion RomaniaTCPThe Study on Protection and Rehabilitation of the Southern Romanian Black Sea Shore Meteorology LaosTCPProject for Improvement of Meteorological and Hydrological Services ChinaTCPJapan-China Meteorological Disaster Corporative Research Center MongoliaTCPProject for Development of Human Capacity for Weather Forecasting and Data Analysis

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Thank you very much for attention.