U NIT 3 A F IGHT FOR A C ONTINENT SS St. Rose Catholic School Fifth Grade

B IOGRAPHIES OF I MPORTANT P EOPLE Junipero SerraBartholome de Las Casas SquantoPocahontas John RolfeMetacom TecumsehChief Powhatan Chief LoganLord Dunmore SequoyahAndrew Jackson Chief John RossJohn Marshall

J UNIPERO S ERRA Spanish Priest who founded missions in California Founded the first mission in California, San Diego de Alcala, on July 16, 1769 Remained in California the rest of his life, setting up eight more missions between 1770 and 1982

B ARTHOLOME DE L AS C ASAS Spanish missionary who opposed the mistreatment of American Indians Spoke out against Europeans who were taking land from and enslaving American Indians as early as 1514 Wrote The History of Indies about Spanish conquests

S QUANTO American Indian who helped the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony Showed the Pilgrims where to hunt and fish and helped teach them to grow certain crops Served as an interpreter when Chief Massasoit and Pilgrims were making a peace treaty

P OCAHONTAS Powhatan woman who helped keep the peace between American Indians and Jamestown settlers Intervened, according to legend, to save the life of Captain John Smith when her people held him captive Real name was Matoaka

J OHN R OLFE Jamestown planter and official who helped show that tobacco could be grown successfully Arrived at Jamestown in 1610 and began growing tobacco in about 1612 Married Pocahontas in 1614

M ETACOM American Indian chief who led the fight against English colonists in King Philip’s War Led several American Indian groups in a war to push settlers out of New England Defeated in King Philip’s War ( ), which led to further colonial expansion

T ECUMSEH Shawnee chief who led American Indian resistance in the Ohio River Valley Believed that land should be shared and urged American Indian groups to form an alliance against settlers Fought against the United States in the War of 1812

C HIEF P OWHATAN Powhatan chief who eventually made a peace treaty with English settlers As leader of a confederacy of about thirty tribes that lived near the Jamestown colony Negotiated a peace treaty with the English after his daughter Pocahontas married a settler

C HIEF L OGAN Led American Indian raids against settlers during Lord Dunmore’s War Known for good relations with settlers until a frontier trader killed is family in 1774 Was never actually a chief but gained fame among many different American Indian groups

L ORD D UNMORE Governor of Virginia during the years before the American Revolution Sent an army that defeated Chief Logan and the Shawnee in 1774 Forced to leave Virginia in 1776 by Patriots

S EQUOYAH Cherokee who created a writing system for his group Developed an alphabet and a system of writing for the Cherokee Served with U.S. troops in the Creek War ( )

A NDREW J ACKSON Military Hero and 7 th President of the United States Refused to support the U.S. Supreme Court when it ruled in favor of the Cherokee keeping their land Became a national hero after a victory in the War of 1812

C HIEF J OHN R OSS Cherokee chief who resisted the removal of his people from Georgia Led Cherokees when they sued the state of Georgia to prevent the taking of Cherokee lands Led his people on the “Trail of Tears” to Indian Territory in 1838

J OHN M ARSHALL Fourth chief Justice of the Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who ruled the Cherokee had the right to control their land Interpreted the Constitution in ways that still are important today

E UROPEAN C OLONIES IN A MERICA 1565 St. Augustine FL Spanish 1607 Jamestown VA, English 1608 Quebec, Canada, French 1624 New Amsterdam NY, Netherlands 1769 Spanish Missions in CA, Spanish Protected their land claims and resources by building forts Traded with Dutch and French for metal items

W ARS  Powhatan Wars 1610 Occurred in Virginia English wanted the Indian land  Pequot massacre 1637 English colonists and Indian allies did this to gain land  King Philip’s War 1675 Several American Indian groups and English colonists in New England  French and Indian War 1750  France and England …England gained lands East of the Mississippi River  Last Indian resistance was at Wounded Knee massacre  Lakota and Ojibwa Fought over land in the Great Lakes region  English and Dutch fought over New Netherlands and its ports  English and French fought over rich land in Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys  Beaver Wars Iroquois and Huron Indians fought over fur trade

R AW M ATERIALS THAT E UROPEANS VALUED Spain wanted gold and silver France wanted beaver furs England wanted tobacco Land areas they wanted were Along rivers Along coast lines EASY FOR TRANSPORTING OUT GOODS

I NDIAN R EMOVAL A CT Move all Indians in to Oklahoma Andrew Jackson was for this Supreme Court said NO “Chief Justice Marshall” He did it anyway Trail of Tears Thousands of Indians were Removed and forced to walk to Oklahoma many died

T REATIES Cherokee Treaty of 1785 Western lands were left to Indians Treaty of Doak’s Stand Andrew Jackson wanted Choctaw to give up their land and move west