Chapter 10 Europe in the Middle Ages Section 1: Peasants, Trade and Cities The New Agriculture List all the new farming methods listed in the passage. (tools & techniques) How did Mother Nature assist in food production? What was the political change that helped with food production? How were villages able to afford a Carruca? The Manorial System What is the difference between a peasant and a serf? Peasant or serf: List what they had to do for the lord or the church. List the legal authority lords had over serfs or peasants. The Peasant Household Describe the Peasant cottage Cycle of Labor List the Peasant/serf tasks by month. How did the church help provide peasants with time off? Describe the typical priest of the time. Describe peasant women’s role in the feudal society.

What was the staple of the diet? How often did they eat meat? Food and Drink What was the staple of the diet? How often did they eat meat? How did they deal with the poor water quality? Revival of Trade List the important cities, and the league of this revival. What did the Counts of Champagne do to encourage trade? What is a money economy? What system did it replace? What is commercial capitalism? The Growth of Cities Why did the Artisans and crafts people follow the merchants to the cities. How did merchants create new cities in Europe? How did the word bourgeoisie evolve into a term to describe the merchant class? Give examples of the population differences of European towns to Arab Cities. What changed between the lord and the townspeople? Were the lords able to treat townspeople like serfs? Explain. How did the townspeople earn this freedom? How could a serf achieve freedom?

Who were the citizens of these towns? What class did the patricians come from? How did they hold onto power? City Life List the multiple negatives of Medieval Cities. How were women able to lead more independent lives in the cities? Industry and Guilds Infographics List the advantages of guilds. How did they help improve the lives of medieval people? What is a guild? Explain the concept of apprentice, journeyman, and the masterpiece. Section 2 Medieval Christianity The Papal Monarchy How did the church become increasingly more involved in the feudal system? Reform of the papacy What is lay investiture? What was the alternative to lay investiture that was proposed by Gregory VII?

How was Henry IV threatened by the elimination of lay investiture? What was the Concordat of Worms? What was the compromise? Infographics: The Investiture Controversy The controversy was a struggle between the church and who? The church supreme Under which pope did the church reach it height of political power? What spiritual weapons did he use to achieve his political ends? New Religious Orders A New Activism Who were the Cistercians? Why were they unhappy? How did they interact with the people? Women in Religious Orders Where did the women who joined religious orders come from? What was their background? Who was Hildegard of Bingen?

Franciscans and Dominicans Who was Francis of Assisi? Describe the order’s beliefs. Infographics: The Inquisition What is a pillory What are the unique characteristics of the Spanish Inquisition? What is heresy? What was the mission of the Dominicans? The Inquisition What did the church create that was called the Inquisition? What were people called who committed heresy? How did the inquisition extract confessions after 1252? What happened to those who “relapsed”? How did 13th century Christians justify using force? Religion in the High Middle Ages Why were saints popular with the people? Why was Mary regarded as important? What is a relic? What did people believe about relics? Why was a pilgrimage important? Which pilgrimage was the greatest?