1. High Times, Low Times (pgs. 146-173)

2.  Urban Culture on the Rise  The Monastic Spur to Urban Growth ▪ Cistercians developed new agricultural techniques  The Growth of Trade and Crafts ▪ Towns grew around castles, cathedrals, and roads traveled by merchants ▪ Chief employer of guildsmen = church  Kings and Nations on the Rise ▪ Power became centralized and stabilized For Review pg. 149

3.  A Reforming Papacy and Clergy  The Battle over Lay Investiture  A Strong Papacy  Papal Elections ▪ College of Cardinals  Reform for Priests  Beauty and Inspiration in the Cathedrals  Universities Born from Cathedrals  From the Cathedral Schools  University Life, Medieval-Style  Help from Muslim Scholars For Review pg. 158

4.  The Split Between East and West  A Buildup of Differences  The Final Break ▪ Michael Cerularius  The Folly of the Crusades ▪ Pope Urban II  To Save the Hold Land  With All Good Intentions  Military and Moral Failure  An Opening to Other Cultures For Review pg. 164

5.  The Albigensian Heresy  Saw all material things, including human body, as bad  The Roots of the Inquisition  European Christians of Middle Ages saw heresy as a great evil; treason  An Inquisition Based in Rome  Papal Inquisition For Review pg. 168

6.  Dominic’s Preachers and Teachers  Dominic de Guzman founded Dominicans  Francis’s Little Brothers and Sisters ▪ Francis of Assisi; Order of Friars Minor aka Franciscans  Total Trust in God  A Poor Lifestyle  The Poor Clares  Thomas Aquinas: Mendicant Scholar ▪ “Summa Theologiae” For Review pg. 173