THE ROMANIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM - in the school year - Pasnicu Mădălin (10 th grade student) Căliman tefan (9 th grade student) Mihaela urcănaşu - History teacher Ioana Muşat– English teacher

I. Pre-university education  Pre-school  Primary  Secondary  High school  Professional school - Trade School  Professional – Completion Year II. Post-secondary Education III. University Education (Higher) IV. Postgraduate Education V. Education for Minorities VI. Special Education VII. Human Resources VIII. Material Resources THE ROMANIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Content Romanian Parliament

THE ROMANIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AgeGradeISCED Educational levels Qualification level > University education Pre-university/post-secondary school education Non-university Tertiary Education 3 19XIII 3 Technological High school 3 18XII Theoretical High school Vocational High school Technological High school 17XI Year of Completion 2 16X 2 Theoretical Education Vocational Education Technological Education Professional School 1 15IX 14VIII Comprehensive Education 13VII 12VI 11V 10IV 1 9III 8II 7I 6 Preparatory Kindergarten 0Preschool Education 5 Full- kindergarten 4 Mid- kindergarten 3 Beginners- Kindergarten

Kindergarten currently contains:  Beginners’ group ( 3-4 years)  Middle group ( 4-5 years)  Elders’ group ( 5-6 years)  Preparatory group ( 6-7 years) I.Pre-university Education  Pre-School Education Nursery - children can be left from the age of 3 months to 4 years (Law no. 263/2007 regarding the establishment, organization and functioning of nurseries) Nurseries can be public or private, with daily or weekly programme. Kindergartens can be public or private, with normal (6-12am), with extended (6am- 18pm) or weekly programme. Preschool education is organized and operates in accordance with Law no. 84/1995.

Primary level currently includes:  1st grade, pupils of 7-8 years  2 nd grade, pupils of 8-9 years  3 rd grade, pupils of 9-10 years  4 th grade, pupils of years First day of school I.Pre-university Education  Primary Education In Romania both state schools (the majority at this point) and private schools function throughout the country.

 Students are registered in secondary school (gymnasium) for 4 years according to the present Education Law.  A new education law that extends secondary school to five years is being debated. Secondary level currently contains:  5 th grade ( years)  6 th grade ( years)  7 th grade (13-14 years)  8 th grade ( years) Lower secondary level aims at forming students' general culture. I. Pre-universitary Education  Secondary Education

High-school level currently contains:  Lower level (9 th -10 th grades, 15/17 years)  Superior level (11 th -12 th grades, 17/19 years) Admission: Based on secondary-school averages and on students’ options. I. Pre-university Education  High School Education Depending on the field of education, high-school level is divided into:  Theoretical  Technological  Vocational

1. Theoretical field of study:  Humanist Profile  Philology  Social Sciences  Real Profile  Mathematics and Computer Science  Natural Sciences I.Pre-university Education  High School Education

I.Pre-university Education  High School Education 2. Technological field of study: Technical profile Mechanics, Electro mechanics, Electronics Automation, Electrical, Chemical industry, Building materials, Construction, Installations and Constructions, Textile and leather industry, Manufacture of wood products, Printing techniques, Media production Services profile Food and Tourism, Trade, Economic, Aesthetics and Human body health Natural Resources and the Environment protection Profile Food Industry, Agriculture, Forestry, Environment protection The school professional qualifications of each profile are approved by the Decision of Romania's Government.

3. Vocational education:  Military Profile Social Sciences or Informatics and Mathematics  Artistic Profile Architecture, Ambient arts and design, Decorative arts, Music, Choreography, The art of acting I. Pre-university Education  High School Education  Pedagogical Profile Primary - Kindergarten teacher, Librarian - Documentarist, Instructor - promoter, Instructor for extracurricular activities, School Teacher  Athletic Profile  Theological Profile

 School of Arts and Trades – 9 th -10 th grades –dissolved  Year of Completion – 11 th grade - in liquidation  High school, Technological field, progressive route – 12 th -13 th grades (in liquidation) I.Pre-university Education  Professional and Technical Education The school professional qualifications of each profile are approved by the Decision of Romania's Government.

I. Pre-universitary Education  High School Education Graduation: - Baccalaureate exam (end of 12 th - 13 th grade) - Skills exam (10 th grade - A skill level; 11 th grade, year of completion – B Level; 12 th - 13 th – C Level )

Fields Mechanics Informatics Energy Automation, Buildings, installations and public works Transport Manufacture of wood products Forestry Agriculture Food Industry Environmental protection Services Commerce Tourism and nutrition Textiles – leather Media Production Economic Human aesthetics and hygiene Health and pedagogical support Sports Romanian team medalist at the Olympiad of Informatics, Athens, 2004 II. Post-secondary Education  Post-Secondary School (1,5 – 3 years of study) Admission: selection of files Courses: Daily or Low Frequency: ID/FR Funding: State or private

Fields Mechanic Electric Chemistry Mining, oil and gas Energy Metallurgy Building materials Constructions, installations and public works Manufacture of wood products Transport Textiles - leather Food Industry Agriculture II. Post-secondary Education  Professional School (1,5 – 2 years of study)

 Bachelor Fundamental areas: Science, Art and Culture, Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Medicine and Pharmacy, Polytechnics Admission: selection of files or theoretical and / or practical exam  Master Fundamental areas: Science, Art and Culture, Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Medicine and Pharmacy, Polytechnics Admission: selection of files or theoretical and / or practical exam  PhD Fundamental areas: Science, Art and Culture, Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Medicine and Pharmacy, Polytechnics Admission: theoretical and / or practical exam III. Higher Education  Bachelor (180/240/300/360 ECTS)  Master (60/90/120 ECTS)  PhD (3 years)

University education can be followed by:  Daily courses  Distance learning/ low frequncy University education may be:  State - budget - with tuition fees  Private - with tuition fees Painting by Sabin Balasa in the “Hall of the Lost Steps”, Al. I Cuza University, Iasi III. Higher Education

 Postgraduate studies (3-5 years)  Continuous Training programmes  The National Authority for Scientific Research IV. Post-graduate Education

The Education for minorities includes all forms of pre-university and university education (only in Hungarian, German and Romany languages). V. Education for the minorities It comprises two divisions: Minorities’ Division Division for Relations with the Parliament and the social partners

Minorities’ Division 1. Education in mother tongue (A rmenian, Bulgarian, Czech, Croatian, German, Greek, Italian, Hungarian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Tatar, Turkish, Ukrainian, Romany) - There are high schools with fully or partly teaching sections in the particular mother tongue. 2. Romany language education (pre-university and university level) V. Education for the minorities Ukrainian minority wearing national costumes

Special education is organized as mainstream education (preschool, primary, secondary, post- secondary). Special education has:  curricula for each type of deficiency  analytic syllabus  textbooks and teaching methods developed according to the type and degree of disability for training and education, the recovery and social integration. Special education is carried out by qualified teachers, specifically trained. VI. Special Education

Special and integrated special education in Romania is part of the national education system and includes: 1. kindergartens, schools, high schools, school groups - special education for all types and degrees of deficiency; 2. groups of children / special classes of students; 3. classes / special post-secondary schools; 4. daycare centers; 5. special education centers; 6. curative pedagogy centers; 7. groups / classes of children / students with autism; 8. groups / classes of children / students with multiple sensory impairment (deaf blind); 9. second-chance schools for students with behavioral disabilities; 10.schools / classes organized in hospitals, prisons. VI. Special Education

Integrating children with SEN (Special Educational Needs)– inclusive schools  Special classes in mainstream schools  Groups for children with SEN in classes within mainstream schools  Individualized integration of children with SEN in mainstream school classes (3-5 children in a group) Each county has founded Excellence Centers for Young People Capable of Performance (for children with high learning abilities). VI. Special Education Special activities in our school

 Educational staff (according to the regulated status of teachers) Admission in the system is done by participating in the national tenure examination Stages: VII. Human Resources  The High School Educational System  Starting teacher: 0-2 years  Full-time Teacher: 2-5 years after the tenure exam – practical and theoretical exam  Title/level II Teacher: 3/4 years after the teacher ship examination - practical and theoretical exam to obtain title/level II  Title/level I Highly Qualified Teacher: 3/4 years after the exam for title/level II – practical exam and presentation of a scientifically-methodological paper  Auxiliary staff (secretary, accountant, system engineer, librarian, school mediator etc.)  Administrative staff (administrator, security staff, drivers etc.)

 Educational Staff Admission in the system – exam (university level) Stages:  Teaching Fellow (written, oral and practical examination)  Senior Assistant Professor (written, oral and practical exam + CV, 3 years experience as tutor)  Lecturer (minimum 3 years experience as assistant + CV, PhD, presenting a course)  Senior Lecturer (CV with imposed conditions, minimum 3 years experience as lecturer)  Professor (CV with imposed conditions, minimum 3 years experience as senior lecturer) VII. Human Resources The University System

Public educational institutions are subordinate to local authorities (City Halls/Local Councils) Financial Resources  State Budget (for salaries)  Local Budget (expenses and investments)  Private funding, which in most cases represents low percentage of the budget of that institution (for investments) VII. Funding The High School Educational System Private educational institutions are self-funded: donations, high school fees and others.

Higher-education institutions can be:  Public universities - predominantly funded by the state, but which also allow self-funding (university fees, research grants etc.)  Private - funded by university fees, private donations, research grants etc. VII. Funding The University System All higher-education institutions have been functioning according to the Bologna Declaration since 2005, applicable for EU universities which have adhered to it.