1. The Educational system in Romania

2. The Romanian educational system is based on a tuition-free system. Access to free education till 18 years old is guaranteed by Article 32 in the Constitution of Romania.

3. Compulsory education includes 11 grades. Theoretically, children become pupils at the age of 6 and finish compulsory school at the age of 17.

4. The structure of the pre-university education is the result of the reform process started in the early 90’s and assisted by the EU through pre-integration programmes.

5. Romanian educational system includes Pre-school Education Primary Education Lower Secondary Education - gymnazium Higher Secondary Education Post-high school Education Higher Education

7. VET in Romania VET is including:  Initial VET named TVET  Continuing VET named CVT TVET is delivred through the formal system and, in the near future, also through apprenticeship schemes by enterprises in cooperation with education and training providers

8. The structure of TVET system TVET is developed in the new law at secondary education level containing two alternatives, as follows: The technological high-school, includes: – the lower cycle, namely grades X-XI, that are leading to acquiring general (non-certificated) competences in a number of domains, part of three profiles: resources, techniques, and services; at the end of the 11th grade, after a practical training stage the students can acquire a professional qualification of level 2 (level 3 EQF) – the upper cycle, grades XI – XII, that are leading to level ISCED 3 and professional qualification level 3 level 4 EQF 8

9. The vocational school, includes: – training programmes ( with a duration of 6months-2 years) based on occupational standards conducting to a professional qualification of lower level

10. The TVET system also includes: The Post-high schools that represent a specialised TVET route of 1-3 years leading to acquiring certificated competences for vocational qualifications level 3 advanced (level 5 EQF). 10

11. TVET profiles Three major profiles relate to the envisaged trades and specialisations, as follows: – Techniques, comprising the fields of mechanics, electromechanical and electrical, electronics and, automation, constructions and civil works, telecommunications, light industry, transports, industrial chemistry, wood processing 11

12. – Services, comprising the fields of tourism and catering, food & beverage, commerce and related services, post, economics and public administration, health and social assistance, as well as other services deserving industry and population – Resources, comprising the fields of food industry, forestry, agriculture, agro-tourism, animal breeding and veterinary, environment protection

13. TVET providers Public vocational and technical education (part of the secondary education) is financed mainly from the public budget. The system includes also private units of all types of schools. Public and private schools are subject to accreditation of programmes, and a quality assurance methodology, which enables TVET schools to produce annual self-assessment reports and improvement plans - subject to external audits. 13

14. Institutions having roles in TVET Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sport  for TVET delivred through education system Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection  for VET delivred through apprenticeship system and for CVT  National Authority for Qualifications, supported by Sectoral Committees, reorganised by unifying National Adult Training Board and National Agency for Qualifications in Higher Education 14

15. MoERYS- institutional structures involved in TVET National Centre for Evaluation in Pre-university Education National Centre for TVET Development National Agency for Quality Assurance in Pre-university Education- ARACIP Institute of Educational Sciences 15

16. Regional intervention is made predominately by the County School Inspectorates.

17. National TVET schools network 17

18. TVET students enrollment within secondary education 18

19. Students enrollment in TVET 19

20. Students enrollment in TVET in rural areas 20

21. Thank you for your attention!