1. The Educational System in Romania

2. According to the Law of Education (adopted in 1995), the Romanian educational system is registrated by the Ministry of Education. Each level has its own form of organization and it is subject to the legislation in force.

3. 4 Post high school Tertiary education- non university 3 Non compulsory 18XIII 3 High school - upper cycle - Upper secondary 3 17XII High school -upper cycle- 2 16XI Completion year 15X 2 High school -lower cycle- Arts and trades school Lower secondary 1 Compulsory 14IX 13VIII General school - 12VII 11VI 1 10V 9IV Primary school Primary education 8III 7II 6I 5Preparatory group for school 0Kindergarten Pre school education Non compulsory 4Middle group 3Beginners AgeGradeISCEDEducation levelsQual.Type >19 6565 University - masterTertiary education - university 5454 Non compulsory University - bachelor

4. Class size, school year & timetable Class size - depends on the educational level: 15  20  25 … 30 School year: 34 to 36 weeks starting date: September 15 th ending date: June 15 th Timetable: 50-minute classes / 10-minute breaks Morning or afternoon classes

5. The educational system is divided into the following categories: 1. Pre-university education 2. University education 3. Continuous education (post- university)

6. 1. Pre-University education a.Pre-primary education: b. Primary education: c.Secondary education School tuition starts at 6 or 7 and it is compulsory till the 10th form (students’age can be 16 or 17 years at that level). The primary school and secondary school system refer to 12 or 13 classes/forms. The higher education is aligned to the European Higher Education Area.

7. a. Pre-primary education Kindergarten is optional starting with the age of 3 to 6.

8. Groups typically have 1-2 teachers and 10-15 children (typically more in state kindergartens). Most kindergartens offer three types of programs, in order to better suit to the parents' schedules: - a short schedule (typically 8 AM to 1 PM, with one snack or meal), - a medium schedule (typically 8 AM to 3 PM, with one snack and one meal), - a long schedule (typically 8 AM to 5-6 PM, with three snacks and one meal, and almost always including after lunch sleeping hours).

9. b. Primary education Organized for pupils aged 6-10 and including grades I to IV.

10. The first four years are taught by a single teacher for most subjects. Additional teachers are assigned only for few specialized subjects (Foreign Languages, Physical education,Religion, Introduction to Computers, etc.).

11. Convention grading For the four school years (primary school classes) there is a system called „qualifiers” consisting in: Very well (VW), Well (W), Satisfactory (S) – in fact, the sense is (barely) passing and Insuficient – failing stage. Students who do not get passing grades during the school year must be examined by an examination commission during the summer evaluation session, and in case they fail the examination, they will repeat the school year. „Qualifiers” are used during the entire school year for tests, school activities, homework or projects.

12. Curriculum Framework The National Curriculum - Seven Curricular Areas: - Core Curriculum (75%) - School-based Curriculum The School Educational Offer - Extracurricular activities - Special Needs for students with deficiencies or high performance capacity LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE PEOPLE AND SOCIETY ARTS PHYSICAL EDUCATION TECHNOLOGIES COUNSELLING AND GUIDANCE

13. c. Secondary education The secondary education is divided into: Gymnasium (lower secondary education) – 5th to 8th grade; Arts and trades school –9th, 10th to 11th grade; High school (upper secondary education) - 9th to 12th or 13th grade (the 13th grade is attended in the vocational high-schools).

14. Gymnasium Starting with the 5th grade, students have a different teacher for each subject. Furthermore, each class has a teacher designated to be class principal/master teacher, besides teaching his or her usual subject. Additional counseling may be provided by a special counselor (counselor on educational issues) or by a school psychologist.

15. Curricular area/SubjectGrade VVIVIIVIII I. Language and communication9-108-9 9-10 Romanian language5444 1 st Foreign language2-3 2 nd Foreign language2222 Latin---1 II. Mathematics and natural sciences5-68109-10 Mathematics4444 Physics-222 Chemistry--22 Biology1-222 III. Human being and society3-5 4-56-7 Civic culture0-1 1-2 History1-2 2 Geography1-2 2 Religion1111 IV. Arts2-3 1-2 Fine arts education1-2 Musical education1-2 V. Physical education and sports2-3 1-2 Physical education2-3 1-2 VI. Technologies1-2 Technological education--1-2 VII. Counselling and guidance1111 Counselling and guidance1111 Total number of classes per week of common core curriculum232528 Optional subjects/activities1-3 1-2 Minimum number of classes per week242629 Maximum number of classes per week262830

16. For grade 5 to 12, a 1 to 10 grading system is used, with 10 being the best and 1 being the worst mark, and 5 being the minimum passing grade. The system of continuous assessment is also used with individual marks for each test, oral examination, project, homework or class- work being entered in the register (these individual marks are known as notes). For this school year, secondary school examination is finalized with the Romanian language and Mathematics test type Pisa.

17. High school The structure of the high school is: A) theoretical orientation: Hard sciences profile, specialization: math – informatics and natural sciences Humanities profile, specializations: philology, humanities and social sciences B) technological orientation: Technical profile Services profile Exploitation of natural resources and environment protection profile C) aptitude based orientation: Sports profile Military profile Theological profile Artistic profile Pedagogical profile

18. There are five types of high schools in Romania:  Standard High school (Liceu),  National College (Colegiu Naţional),  Military College (Colegiu Militar),  Economic College or Technical College (Colegiu Economic or Colegiu Tehnic),  Scholar Group - A group of two schools - a high school (usually offering academic programmes in the field of technical or services education) - allowing access to university.  Vocational sportive highschool

19. The novelty of this school year refers to the highschool graduation exams (the baccalaureate exams) are given to 3 subjects during the school year (Romanian language, foreign language and the digital-IT&C) and at the end of 12th grade there are other 3 written exams, the first sample, the Romanian language is required, the other two are chosen by students according to graduated profiles.

20. 2. University education Admission is ensured by a competitive entrance examination and is accessible for baccalaureate diploma holders. Higher education is mainly state but also private. The first modern Romanian universities are: University of IaşiUniversity of Iaşi (1860) University of BucharestUniversity of Bucharest (1864) Babeş-Bolyai UniversityBabeş-Bolyai University, Cluj (1872) Starting with 2005/06 academic year, all higher education institutions, private and public, are obliged by the 2004 Law to implement the new 3-cycle structure: Bachelor, Master and Doctorate.

21. The higher education is aligned to the European Higher Education Area. The higher education system has recently been re-organized according to the principle of Bologna process, which has as its main aim to build the European Higher Education Area. It has the following four components: Studies degrees (BA) 3-4 years, for most specialties 3 years (since 2005) 2.2 Master degrees (MA) 1-2 years, for most specialties (since 2008) 2.3 PhD studies last for at least 3 years (since 2006). 2.4 Lifelong learning (postgraduate courses, continuing education).

22. The first (Bachelor’s) cycle includes a minimum of 180 and a maximum of 240 transferable study credits equivalent to ECTS, and lasts three to four years, depending on the field and area of specialisation. The second Master includes a minimum of 90 and a maximum of 120 transferable study credits (in exceptional cases and depending on the length of the first cycle, the lower limit may be 60 transferable study credits), and lasts one to two years. Both cycles should enable the accumulation of at least 300 transferable study credits.

23. Responsibility and Administration Ministry of Education research and innovation - formulates and implements educational policies and strategies. -initiates Government decisions. -approves the curricula, the national assessment standards and the education units network. -is responsible for the distribution of the financial resources from the state budget to the school inspectorate.

24. School inspectorate -one in each of the 40 counties -distributes the financial resource to schools. - appoints and revokes the headmaster of the school. - is responsible for the teaching staff policy and the approval of the trades and specializations that are to be taught.

25. SCHOOL MANAGEMENT Main papers to be elaborated by the director:  The medium term (4-year) institutional development project of the school  The semester and annual evaluation reports  The annual management plan and the semester implementation programmes  Financial & material resources development projects  Annual school’s budget project

26. Educational Institutions, Administration, Management Management of pre-university educational institutions is ensured by heads of schools assisted,according to the concrete conditions and the provisions of the law, by deputy heads of schools. When exercising their managerial duties, the heads of schools rely on the teachers' council and the administrative council. Organisation and functioning of these bodies, as well as the specific attributions of the heads of schools and of the deputy heads of schools are established through the Education Law (Law 84/1995), the Teaching Staff Statute (Law 128/1997) and the Regulation for Organisation and Functioning of the Pre- University Education Institutions (Ministerial Order 4925/2005

27. The administration council of the school, with decision role in the administrative area, comprises 5 to 11 members and is chaired by the head of school. According to the provisions of the law, the members of the administration council are as follows: the head of school, the deputy head(s) of school, the chief accountant, elected representatives of the teachers, the representative of the parents and of the local public administration authority (town, commune). The representative of the teachers’ union participates as an observer to the administration council meetings. The administration council also includes representatives of the economic agents that ensure practical training of the pupils.

28. The teachers are divided into several categories: - Preschool teachers - that can have medium studies (pedagogical high school) or college studies (specialization in pre-school education in an institutor’s college) - Primary school teachers - that can have medium studies (pedagogical high school) or college studies (specialization in pre-school education in an institutor’s college) - Teachers for the other type of formal education - these are the teachers for any of the other type of school levels.

29. Continuous education Depending on their experience, the teachers can have different degrees (definitiv grade 2nd degree after 4 years of activity and a series of exams, 1st degree after 8 years of activity and another series of exams).

30. This project is financed by the European Committee through Life Long Learning Programme