1 Bert Fabian, Programme Officer, Transport Unit UN Environment Programme Global Status of Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles

The Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV) Was set up at the WSSD in Johannesburg, Sept 2002 and re-launched in Oct 2012 in London Main objective is to address urban air quality in developing & transition countries by promoting clean fuels and vehicles standards/technologies Comprises over 73 partners from governments, oil and vehicle industry (including PIEA), international organizations and civil society Secretariat based in UNEP Headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya

→The PCFV is shifting its key focus from leaded petrol phase out to introduction of low sulphur fuels and light duty vehicles emissions standards to reduce PM emissions →Mainly because only 6 countries remain still using leaded petrol and PCFV has on-going programs in all →The PCFV has agreed to a global fuel sulphur level target of 50 ppm or less →The PCFV has achieved country commitments around the world to go to low sulphur fuels The Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV)

Progress towards cleaner fuels

Progress on vehicle emission standards

Status of Leaded Gasoline Phase-out in Middle East, West Asia & North Africa (April 2014)

Diesel Fuel Sulphur Levels: Middle East and North Africa (April 2014)

Progress in Lowering Sulphur in Diesel in Africa 2015

Vehicle emissions are an important contributor to ambient air pollution in Asia (PM, NOx, and Ozone being pollutants of concern) To reduce vehicle emissions an integrated approach is required, in which fuels play an important role Fuels and vehicles are an integrated system, whereby fuel quality is the main enabler for cleaner vehicle technology and can have an important impact on emissions from existing in-use vehicles Percentage Reduction in Deaths after Sulfur Restriction in Hong Kong (in annual trend) -1.80% -1.60% -4.80% -2.80% -2.40% -4.20% -6.00% -5.00% -4.00% -3.00% -2.00% -1.00% 0.00% age age 65 + All causes CardiovascularRespiratory Source: The Lancet, 2002; CAI-Asia 2006 Importance of fuel quality

Key Issues Need for an Integrated/ Systems Approach Progressive vehicle emission standards – Import regulations/ poor quality second hand vehicles Appropriate fuel quality standards Effective inspection and maintenance programs – Lack of emission testing equipment and centers – Lack of good regulatory agencies Poor enforcement systems Introduction of next generation low and no emissions vehicles, such as hybrid, plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles 10

Share the Road (StR) Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI) Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV) Public Transport Transport Unit Programmes