1. Fuels and Vehicles in CEE Region Regional Meeting on Sustainable Transport Policies in South Eastern Europe Budapest, 21-22 June 2007 Ruslan Zhechkov, Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC)

2. www.rec.org Contents REC work in fuels and vehicles Fuel quality in SEE region Vehicle emissions in SEE region UNEP-based Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles Retrofitting diesel vehicles. TNT/UNEP Fleet Management Toolkit

3. www.rec.org Background Work on fuels and vehicles – started in 1995, facilitated the SILAQ process, lead phase-out in CEE Last two years: several projects with PCFV at UNEP and USEPA – CEE, Bulgaria, Serbia, BiH, Turkey REC is a member of the PCFV Advisory Group Main effort: - lead phase-out in fuels in Serbia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina; - reduction of sulphur Turkey, Serbia, BiH, Albania

4. www.rec.org Sulphur and lead content in petrol and diesel – national specifications CountryStatusS in petrol (mg/kg) S in diesel (mg/kg) Pb in petrol (g/l) AlbaniaBan 2005.150 (import only) 350 import/2000 domestic 0.005 BulgariaBan 2004.150 (50 – 1/2007) 350 (50 - 1/2007)0.005 BiH15 - 20% leaded. 1503500.15 import, 0.6 - domestic CroatiaBan 2006.50 0.005 Macedonia20% leaded.500Refinery – 1500 Eko diesel - 290 0.013 unleaded 0.15 leaded RomaniaBan 2005.150 (50 -1/2007)350 (50 – 1/2007)0.005 SCG40% leaded.1,000 – leaded 650 - unleaded 10,000 – D2; 350 – Eko 3; 50 - Euro D 0.4 – leaded 0.013 - unlead TurkeyBan 2006.500 (150 – 1/07)7000-350 (75%)-500.005

5. www.rec.org Vehicle emissions Diesel passenger cars 10%- 30%. BiH (>50%), SCG (>30%) LDV, HDV, buses – mostly diesel Old fleet – mostly 11-20 years, few new ones – BG (36%, >20 years) Domestic vehicle production – Romania, SCG and Turkey Limitations on import (age cap BiH, MK, SCG) CountryNumber of vehicles Albania 274,652 (80% diesel) Bulgaria 3,165,279 BiH 731,000 Croatia 1,461,000 (70% petrol) Macedonia 444,000 (82% petrol) Romania 3,318,208 (80% petrol) SCG 1,801,000 (60% petrol) Turkey 7,806,000

6. www.rec.org “Help developing countries to develop action plans to complete the global elimination of leaded gasoline and start to phase down sulphur in diesel and gasoline fuels, concurrent with adopting cleaner vehicle requirements.” Leading Global Partnership Promoting Better Air Quality Through Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles - www.unep.org/pcfv - Launch of Global Lead Campaign: Phase out Worldwide by end 2008; - Promotion of sulphur reduction in fuels (support for region and country goals with ultimate goal of 50 ppm or below); - Cleaner vehicle technologies: Catalytic converters, particle filters, etc.

7. www.rec.org - Technical, networking (including experts), and funding support for regional and national workshops, seminars and training sessions aimed at developing and implementing action plans for the elimination of leaded gasoline, the reduction of sulphur and the promotion of cleaner vehicles and vehicle technology; - Support for specific activities, such as awareness campaigns and demonstration heavy duty diesel vehicle retrofit projects aimed at demonstrating cleaner vehicle technology and lower emissions; - Tools for Retrofit and Cleaner Bus Fleets (forthcoming) & upcoming regional training for bus fleet managers to be held in Turkey; - Upcoming Sulphur in Fuels report. Partnership Support

8. www.rec.org Joining the PCFV! You are welcome to join the Partnership. For more information please contact: Elisa Dumitrescu/UNEP/P.O Box 30552 Nairobi, KENYA/Tel: (+254 20) 7624735 You are welcome to join the mailing list on clean fuels and vehicles managed by REC: my contacts.

9. www.rec.org Why reduce pollution from diesel vehicles? Diesel pollution triggers increased asthma attacks, cancer, heart ailments, and premature deaths; In many large cities, most street-level PM comes from diesel vehicles New diesel emission standards take 2-3 decades to fully phase in: A diesel engine sold today will still be used in 2020 Programs to retire, retrofit or replace existing vehicles will accelerate the health benefits of cleaner fuels and technologies!!!! Source: Richerd Kassel, NRDC

10. www.rec.org Retrofits Technological options: Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs); Flow-Through Filters (FTFs); Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) Specific mix of strategies: Retire the oldest and dirtiest diesels as soon as possible; Replace with the cleanest fuels and technologies, using a “systems approach”; Retrofit remaining diesels with PM controls; Successful retrofit examples: New York City. Sao Paolo, Mexico City.

11. www.rec.org Resources on Retrofits http://www.nrdc.org/air/transportation/retrofit/retrofit.pdf http://www.meca.org/cs/root/diesel_retrofit_subsite/what_is_r etrofit/what_is_retrofithttp://www.meca.org/cs/root/diesel_retrofit_subsite/what_is_r etrofit/what_is_retrofit http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/propertyvalue- 13989.htmlhttp://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/propertyvalue- 13989.html http://www.dieselforum.org/retrofit-tool-kit-homepage/ http://www.environmentaldefense.org/article.cfm?contentid=39 87http://www.environmentaldefense.org/article.cfm?contentid=39 87

12. www.rec.org TNT/UNEP Fleet Management Toolkit The CD-based toolkit will help fleet managers to develop their own Cleaner Fleet Strategy. Awareness: helps you understand the problem of transport and environment; Impact: helps you make an inventory of your fleet and roughly calculate your emissions and their impacts (baseline); Actions: gives you an overview of options available in the short, medium, and long term for a cleaner vehicle fleet and shows potential emissions reductions for these actions; Strategy: helps you to develop a cleaner fleet strategy and monitoring your improvements. To be applicable for the reduction of emissions of any vehicle fleet (focused at operations in developing/ transition countries)!!!

13. www.rec.org Thank you! For more information: Ruslan Zhechkov Tel.: +36-20-924-58-74 E-mail: rzhechkov@rec.orgrzhechkov@rec.org Web site Clean Fuels and Vehicles in CEE: http://www.rec.org/rec/programs/pcfv/ http://www.rec.org/rec/programs/pcfv/