Substance Abuse Illicit drug use Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for nonmedical purposes Illicit drug use The use or sale of any substance that is illegal or other wise not permitted

Illegal Drugs (street drugs) Chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell Prescription Drugs Drugs available only by means of a doctor’s written instructions and can be dispensed only by a licensed pharmacist Over-the-counter Drugs Drugs that you can buy without a prescription. Can be harmful if not used properly

What are factors that influence decisions about drugs? Media Messages Peer Pressure Role Models Perceptions Family Members

Health Consequences of Drug Use Illegal drugs have harmful side effects that can range from minor to deadly Unlike medicines, these substances are not monitored for quality, purity, or strength Physical Consequences Brain, heart, lungs, and other vital organs Contraction of Diseases such as hepatitis B and HIV Overdose- a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug

Mental/ Emotional Consequences Drugs cloud reasoning and thinking, and users lose control of their behavior Social Consequences Negative effect on relationships with friends and family members; Substance abuse is a major factor in many crimes, suicides, and unintentional injuries

Side Effects of Drug use Psychological dependence: A condition in which a person believes That a drug is needed in order to feel good Or to function normally nausea Addiction: A physiological Or psychological dependence on a drug Physiological Dependence: A condition in which the user has a chemical Need for the drug headaches Death Tolerance: the body of the substance abuser Needs more and more of the drug to get the Same effect. Loss of consciousness

Marijuana: a plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers are usually smoked for their intoxicating effects

Marijuana Also known as grass, weed, and pot Hashish, or hash, is a stronger form of marijuana An individual who uses marijuana is 17 times more likely to use cocaine than one who has never used marijuana.

Effects of Marijuana Slow mental reflexes and may suffer sudden feelings of anxiety and paranoia In males, regular use interferes with sperm production and lowers levels of testosterone Females experience an increase in testosterone levels which may result in unwanted facial hair and can lead to infertility Driving under the influence of marijuana can be as dangerous as driving while intoxicated

Inhalants Substances whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to achieve a mind-altering effect

Examples of Inhalants Solvents Aerosols Glues Spray paints Gasoline Varnishes Nitrous oxides

Consequences of inhalant use Glassy stare Slurred speech Impaired judgment Permanent nervous system and brain damage Sudden Death by: increasing heart rate resulting in cardiac arrest suffocation

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Synthetic substances that are similar to the male sex hormone testosterone

Effects of Steroid use Anabolic refers to muscle building Androgenic refers to increased male characteristics Mood swings Impaired judgment resulting from feelings of invincibility Paranoia If needle injection used the risk of disease-causing viruses ex: HIV The non-medical use of steroids is illegal for people of all ages in the United States

Psychoactive Drugs chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity in the brain 4 Types Stimulants Depressants Narcotics Hallucinogens

Stimulants Cocaine Crack Amphetamines Methamphetamine Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Effects of Cocaine Include: Collapse of nasal septum A rapid-acting, powerful, highly addictive stimulant that interrupts normal functioning of the central nervous system Effects of Cocaine Include: malnutrition Cardiac Arrest Respiratory failure Physiological dependence depression paranoia DEATH seizures Collapse of nasal septum Cardiac Problems fatigue

Health Risks Crack An even more dangerous form of cocaine One of the most deadly drugs available Health Risks Extremely Addictive Rapid increase in heart rate and blood pressure can cause death Mixing with alcohol is extremely dangerous

Amphetamines Health Risks Prescription medicines to reduce fatigue and drowsiness and to suppress the appetite Health Risks Easily developed tolerance can result in overdose Twitching Irregular heartbeat Paranoia Heart and blood vessel damage

Methamphetamines (Meth) Meth can be lethal, addictive, and unpredictable Club Drug Another form is Crystal Meth

Effects of Meth Use General Effects Long Term Effects Elevated heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate Decreased Appetite Alertness Aggression Paranoia Depression Irritability Hallucinations Delusions Strong psychological dependence Malnutrition Skin abscesses Mood disturbances Kidney and other tissue damage Cardiac and neurological damage Meth Mouth

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Both Ritalin and Adderall are the two most commonly abused prescription stimulants When abused can lead to Dangerously high body temperature Irregular heartbeat Paranoia Cardiovascular failure Lethal Seizures

Depressants Barbiturates Tranquilizers Rohypnol GHB

Depressants Drugs that tend to slow down the central nervous system The most commonly used depressants is Alcohol

Rohypnol the date rape drug Known as Looks like an ordinary aspirin Rohypnol can be dissolved easily into a beverage. The victim wakes up much later with no recollection of what may have happened during the last several hours

GHB Low Doses Higher Dosages Drowsiness Dizziness Nausea Another Date Rape Drug A person can easily overdose on GHB The drug leaves the blood relatively quickly, making it hard to discover Low Doses Higher Dosages Drowsiness Dizziness Nausea Visual Disturbances Unconsciousness Seizures Severe Respiratory Depression Coma

Narcotics Heroin Opium Oxycodone Hyrocodone

Narcotics An addictive drug, such as opium, that reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor. Natural and synthetic narcotics are used in medicine to control pain. A soothing, numbing agent or thing

Health Risks Heroin Liver disease Highly addictive Depresses the central nervous system Slows breathing and pulse rate Infection of the heart lining and valves Liver disease Coma Death Health Risks

Heroin

Extremely Addictive Oxycodone A narcotic prescribed to relieve pain OxyContin is a timed-releases version of Oxycodone Do not take while drinking alcohol Dangerous side effects or death can occur when combined It is a significant threat because it is only available in higher doses

Oxycodone in the News

Hydrocodone Vicodin is one of the most commonly abused forms A narcotic drug prescribed for pain control Vicodin is one of the most commonly abused forms Extremely Addictive

Short Term Effects Long Term Effects Difficulty Breathing Closing of the throat Facial Swelling Hives Seizures Loss of Consciousness Coma Constipation Dryness of Mouth Respiratory Depression Physical Tolerance Dependence

Hallucinogens PCP Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Mescaline Ketamine LSD

Symptoms PCP Induces Violent behavior Originally considered for an anesthetic but discontinued Considered an Hallucinogen, stimulant, depressant and anesthetic Induces Violent behavior Unpredictable with reactions Flashbacks can occur at anytime causing: Panic Confusion Lack of Control Symptoms Hallucinations Disorientation Impaired Coordination Coma Stupor Convulsions Decreased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Seizures Death Overdose Induced destructive behavior

Ketamine Preoperative anesthetic that is used in veterinary medicine Makes the user feel detached from his or her environment Has both analgesic (pain relief) and amnesic (memory loss) properties Has been used in drug facilitated sexual assaults

Effects Depressed Respiratory Rate Nausea Loss of Coordination Temporary Amnesia Hallucinations Paranoia Coma Flashbacks Convulsions Death

Ketamine Today

Ketamine Coma Do you think that the USA should allow Ketamine induced comas? Why or Why not?

LSD unpredictable The most potent and highly studied hallucinogen Effects are Effects can last from 2 hours to 12 hours depending on dosage DOI is a drug that is very similar both in affects and form to LSD Often times users conceal drugs in food such as gummy bears, cookies unpredictable

Introducing LSD

Effects Extreme mood sings Illusions Impaired short-term memory Hallucinations Disorientation Impaired coordination Tremors Confusion Extreme mood sings Impaired short-term memory Prolong Depression Anxiety Flashbacks

Personal Stories

Other Drugs

MDMA Ecstasy Designer Drug: synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs Combination Stimulant and Hallucinogen Suppresses the need to eat Ecstasy Tablets come in many different shapes, colors, sizes and with many logos.

Consequences Increased heart rate and blood pressure Liver Damage Paranoia Depression Damage to the brain Confusion Depression Sleep Difficulties Anxiety Panic Attacks Jaw Clenching/ Teeth Grinding Ecstasy disrupts the body’s ability to regulate temperature, thus heating to a point that can result in liver, kidney and cardiovascular-system failure and sometimes death

DXM Loss of Muscle Control Rash Fever and Sweating High Blood Pressure Loss of Consciousness Brain Damage Stroke Death Diarrhea Abdominal Pain Nausea and Vomiting Numbness Coma Cerebral Hemorrhages Seizures Mania A cough suppressing ingredient in a variety of over-the-counter cold and cough medications including syrup, tablets, and lozenges

MDPV “Bath Salts”

“Bath Salts” A new, highly addictive designer drug labeled “Bath Salts” contains Mephedrone and MDPV (Methylenedioxypyrovalerone) “Bath Salts” are so addicting that users crave the drug even after experiencing a trip to the Emergency Room

The effects of “Bath Salts” may be permanent Consequences “Bath Salts” are known to produce side effects similar to Meth and Cocaine such as: elevated heart rate Hypertension Irritability extreme paranoia delusions of super-human strength and invincibility Hallucinations Suicide aggressive and violent behavior possibly even murder. The effects of “Bath Salts” may be permanent