Classification of Organisms

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Presentation transcript:

Classification of Organisms Chapter 17

Biodiversity Biodiversity – the variety of organisms considered at all levels from populations to ecosystems.

Taxonomy Taxonomy – the science of describing, naming, and classifying particular organisms. Taxon – a particular group within the taxonomic system.

The Linnaean System Developed by naturalist Carolus Linaeus Grouped organisms according to their form and structure (morphology) Organisms are grouped by similarities.

Levels of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

King Philip Came Over For Good Soup  I H L R A E P N Y A D M N E G L S E I U C D U S R L S I O M Y E M S

Nomenclature Each species has a scientific name Binomial nomenclature – a two part name Genus Species Names come from Greek and Latin Written in italics Genus (first letter capitalized) species (lowercase) Examples: Homo sapiens E. coli

Systematics Phylogenetics – the analysis of evolutionary or ancestral relationships among taxa Cladistics – a system of phylogenetic analysis that uses shared and derived characters for grouping taxa

Shared character – a feature that all members of the group have in common Derived character – a feature that evolved only within the group under consideration Clade – the group of organisms that includes an ancestor plus all of its descendants

Domains Three domains: Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya

Domains Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Small, single-celled prokaryotes Cell walls, no nucleus Archaea Prokaryotes Live in extreme environments Eukarya Eukaryotic organisms, have a nucleus Complex, multicellular organisms

6 Kingdoms The next level of organization is Kingdoms There are 6 Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista

Classwork Read page 447- 461 Answer page 450 #s 1-5

Warm-up What is taxonomy? Why bother to classify organisms? What is the purpose of a scientific name? What two taxa make up an organisms scientific name? How is this scientific name correctly written? Write these scientific names correctly: mola mola homo sapians tyrannosaurus rex

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