Risk Management Services December 2011 Have you been SET-UP? A brief discussion on JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA) Identify Hazards/Risks Determine Control Plan Implement Controls Monitor/ Supervise/ Evaluate JHA

Risk Management Services Objectives  Discuss the basic elements of job hazard analysis  Identify typical hazards in the workplace  Review various techniques that can be used to identify hazards in the workplace

Risk Management Services Job Hazard Analysis  A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur.  It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment.  After uncontrolled hazards are identified, Preventive action/controls are put in place to eliminate or reduce risk.

Risk Management Services Why conduct a job hazard analysis? A job hazard analysis can prevent work-related death, injuries or illnesses by eliminating or controlling identified hazards. It is a means to ensure that workers have the training, equipment and supplies to do their jobs safely. It will help you in developing your accident prevention program (APP), an L & I safety requirement for all employers. Note: The general method can be used in other loss prevention efforts such as environmental pollution prevention or fire protection.

Risk Management Services Hazard Awareness - Accepting a risk or hazard is not the same as eliminating or controlling it. When conducting a job hazard analysis, you may need to take a fresh look at the way things are done at your workplace. Even though you may hear “we’ve been doing it that way for 20 years and nothing happened”, it doesn’t mean a hazard doesn’t exist. You should take a comprehensive look at all possible hazards with an open mind.

Risk Management Services Job Hazard Analysis  Performing a job hazard analysis is one of the best methods to develop safe work procedures for the equipment that is operated.  The JHA can also be used to train employees in the hazards associated with task and what control measures should be practiced.

Risk Management Services JHA Team  A Job Hazard Analysis requires the cooperation of all parties involved that includes:  Supervisors - Frontline Personnel responsible for making change  Employee - Person/Crew most familiar with job  Safety Professional  Engineers - Technical Advisor

Risk Management Services Prioritization of JHA  Jobs with the highest injury and illness rates  Jobs that have the potential to cause serious injury  Jobs in which one simple human error could cause injury  Jobs complex enough to have written instructions  Jobs that are new to your facility  Jobs that significantly had changes in process technology or procedures

Risk Management Services How do I conduct a JHA? Identify the job or task to be analyzed. Break the job or task into key components. Identify the hazards found in each key component. Identify ways to eliminate or control these hazards. Eliminate the hazard or install controls. Keep a record of the hazards identified and steps taken to eliminate or control them. Periodically assess controls to ensure they are working correctly.

Risk Management Services Steps for JHA  Involve employees  Review accident history  Conduct preliminary job review  List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs  Outline the steps or tasks

Risk Management Services Involvement of Employees  They have a unique understanding of the job; this knowledge is invaluable for finding hazards.  Involving employees will help minimize oversights and ensure a quality analysis.  Workers must be a part of the process; they are the ones that benefit directly.

Risk Management Services Outline the Steps  Watch the employee perform the job and list each step as the worker takes it.  Be sure to record enough information to describe each job action without getting overly detailed.  Avoid making the breakdown of steps so detailed that it becomes unnecessarily long or so broad that it does not include basic steps.

Risk Management Services Breaking job into key components – example changing a light bulb Too Much DetailToo Little DetailRight Amount of Detail Get ladder from storage. Get new light bulb from storage. Carry ladder and light bulb to light that needs changing. Place ladder under light to be changed. Ensure light switch is in the off position. Climb ladder. Remove light cover. Twist light bulb in a counter clock-wise direction until it is free of the socket. Remove old light bulb. Insert new light bulb into socket. Turn in a clock-wise direction until tightened. Replace light cover. Descend ladder. Carry ladder back to storage. Get a ladder and new light bulb. Change bulb. Put ladder away and throw out old light bulb. Get ladder and new light bulb. Turn light switch off Place ladder under light to be changed. Using ladder, change bulb. Put ladder back in storage.

Risk Management Services Outline the Steps  Review the job steps with the employee to make sure you have not omitted anything.  Include the employee in all phases of the analysis—from reviewing the job steps and procedures to discussing uncontrolled hazards and recommended solutions.

Risk Management Services Identifying the Hazards  A job hazard analysis is an exercise in detective work. Your goal is to discover the following:  What can go wrong?  What are the consequences?  How likely is it that the hazard will occur?  How could it arise?  What are other contributing factors?

Risk Management Services Common Hazards in the Workplace StressorHazard Type ChemicalCorrosiveFire Explosion Toxic ElectricalShockShort CircuitFire-Static MechanicalMoving Parts FailureNoise Pressure ErgonomicStrainHuman ErrorFatigue

Risk Management Services Common Hazards in the Workplace StressorHazard Type Hazard Type RadiationIonizingNon Ionizing ContactStruck ByStruck Against Caught In EnvironmentTemperatureVisibilityWeather MiscellaneousSlipsTripsFalls

Risk Management Services Hierarchy of Hazard Controls 1.Elimination of Hazard - Remove or reduce 2.Substitution of less hazardous material or reduce energy - lower speed, force, amperage, pressure, temperature, and noise. 3.Engineering Controls 4.Warnings 5.Administrative Controls & Procedures - Remove or reduce the exposure 6.Personal protective equipment (PPE) - Put up a barrier INTERIM MEASURES Should also be taken if the risk cannot be engineered or managed right away. Handout p. 26

Risk Management Services Controlling the Hazards  The most effective controls are engineering controls that physically change a machine or work environment to prevent employee exposure to the hazard.  The more reliable or less likely a hazard control can be circumvented, the better.  If this is not feasible, administrative controls may be appropriate.  This may involve changing how employees do their jobs.

Risk Management Services Engineering Controls  Engineering controls include the following:  Elimination/minimization of the hazard  Substitution of equipment or process to decrease hazard  Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, machine guards, blast shields, or other means; and  Removal or redirection of the hazard such as with local and exhaust ventilation.

Risk Management Services Administrative Controls  Administrative controls include the following:  Written operating procedures, work permits, and safe work practices;  Exposure time limitations (used most commonly to control heat stress and ergonomic hazards);  Monitoring the use of highly hazardous materials;  Alarms, signs, and warnings;  Buddy system; and  Training

Risk Management Services PPE  Personal Protective Equipment is acceptable as a control method in the following circumstances:  When engineering controls are not feasible or do not totally eliminate the hazard;  While engineering controls are being developed;  When safe work practices do not provide sufficient additional protection; and  During emergencies when engineering controls may not be feasible.

Risk Management Services JHA Exercise  We are going to change a tire.  Based on the steps, please identify the hazards and controls.

Risk Management Services TaskHazardControls Stabilize vehicle Remove Hubcap/loosen nuts Place jack and raise car Remove nuts & wheel Lift spare, mount, put on nuts, snug down nuts Lower car & tighten, store flat and store equipment.

Job or task where injuries occur or can occur How people get hurtWhat causes them to get hurt? What safe practices or PPE are needed? Job Hazard Analysis Example form Date of analysis : _____________________ People who participated : _________________________________ _________________________________ __________________________________

Risk Management Services December Change analysis - JHA - Workplace inspections - Hazard Reporting - Trend Analysis Effective programs will result in the identification of potential and control of hazards. Identify Hazards/Risks Determine Control Plan Implement Controls Monitor/ Supervise/ Evaluate JHA Summary Workplace Hazard Analysis consists of:

Risk Management Services Additional references on JHAs Federal OSHA - Job Hazard Analysis: Oregon OSHA – Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA):