1. Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
OSHAcademy Course 706
Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)

2. Frederick Obeng-Yobo Safety Engineer GRIDCo

3. Goals
Given the information and exercises in this workshop, you will be able to:
Explain to others why JHAs are important
Describe the five-step JHA procedure
Conduct a simple JHA

4. Introductions!
Ground rules
Getting around
Form teams

5. What is a Job Hazard Analysis?
Is the employer required to conduct a JHA?
Why is the JHA important?

6. A job is a task: Something you do!

7. Step 1 - Prepare to conduct the JHA
Conduct a job review
Review accident history
Involve employees
Why involve employees in the JHA?

8. List Hazardous Tasks

9. What tasks are appropriate for a job hazard analysis?
Priority should go to the following types of jobs:
Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates
Jobs with the potential to cause severe or disabling injuries or illness, even if there is no history of previous accidents
Jobs in which one simple human error could lead to a severe accident or injury
Jobs that are new to your operation or have undergone changes in processes and procedures
Jobs complex enough to require written instructions

10. Exercise 1: Discuss the various tasks where you work
Exercise 1: Discuss the various tasks where you work. Make a list of six tasks on the Exercise Worksheet.

11. Prioritize Hazardous Tasks
Determine which tasks that are:
most likely going to cause injury or illness
going to cause the most severe injury or illness
Analyze the "Worst First"

12. Probability x Severity = Risk
Conduct a risk analysis to help prioritize jobs
Probability x Severity = Risk

13. Risk is a function of Probability, and Severity
What is the probability?
What is the severity?

14. Factors that increase risk
The number of employees exposed
The frequency and duration of exposure
The proximity of employees to the point of danger
Potential severity of the injury or illness
Unreasonable workload
Working under stress

15. The Risk Assessment Matrix

16. To determine the Risk, Crunch the Numbers

17. Rating _____ Probability The likelihood of injury or illness. Rating
Is the most likely and expected result if employee enters danger
zone. 10
Is quite possible, would not be unusual, has an even 50/50 chanc e. 6
Would be unusual sequence or coincidence 3
Would be remotely possible coincidence.
It has been known to have happened 1
Extremely remote but conceivably possible.
Has never happened after many years of exposure. .5
Practically impossible sequence or coincidence.
A “one in a million” possibility.
Has never happened in spite of exposure over many years. .1
Rating _____

18. Rating ______ Severity The most likely result -
degree of Severity of Consequences
Rating
Major Catastrophe: Numerous fatalities; extensive damage
(over $1M); major disruption
100
Several fatalities; damage $500K to $1M 50
Fatality; damage $100K to $500K 30
Extremely serious injury; (amputation, permanent disability);
damage $1,000 to $100,000 20
Disabling injuries; damage up to $1,000 10
Minor cuts, bruises, bumps; minor damage 1
Rating ______

19. Exercise 2: Determine the risk scores for three tasks from Exercise 1.

20. Action! Step Two - Break the job down into a series of steps
What is a step?
Each step describes an ____________________
Action!

21. Tips on conducting a JHA
Be sure to record enough information
Avoid making the breakdown of steps too detailed
Get input from other workers
Review the job steps with the employee
Point out that you are evaluating the job itself, not the employee’s job performance
Include the employee in all phases of the analysis
Photograph or videotape the worker performing the job

22. Exercise 3: Using the JHA Worksheet, discuss and develop steps for one of the jobs listed in the workbook. You can choose another job if you want.

23. Condition Step Three - Describe the hazards in each step
Hazards and Exposure
A hazard is an unsafe ______________ that could cause injury or illness to an employee.
Condition

24. Danger Zone What is exposure?
Exposure usually refers to an employee's placement relative to the hazard’s _______________________
If the employee is within the danger zone, the employee is exposed.
Danger Zone

25. Don't forget to look for potential hazards
Is there danger of striking against, being struck by, or otherwise making harmful contact with an object?
Can the worker be caught in, by, or between objects?
Is there potential for a slip or trip?
Can the employee fall from one level to another or even on the same level?
Can pushing, pulling, lifting, lowering, bending, or twisting cause strain?

26. Is the work environment hazardous to safety or health?
Are there concentrations of toxic gas, vapor, fumes, or dust?
Are there potential exposures to heat, cold, noise, or ionizing radiation?
Are there flammable, explosive, or electrical hazards?

27. Common Hazards and Descriptions
Chemical
Explosion
Electrical
Ergonomics
Excavation
Fall
Fire/Heat
Mechanical
Noise
Radiation
Struck by
Struck against
Temperature
Visibility
Weather

28. What kind of hazards do we have in this procedure?
What kind of accident may happen?

30. Exercise 4: Using the JHA form, list the hazards and possible accidents that might result in each step in your JHA.

31. Step Four - Develop Preventive Measures
How do I correct or prevent hazards?
Engineering Controls
Management Controls
Personal Protective Equipment
Temporary measures

32. Exercise 5: Using the JHA form, identify and list preventive measures in each step of the task.

33. Step Five - Write the Safe Job Procedure
Points to remember
Write in a step-by-step format
Paint a word picture - concrete vs. abstract
Write the narrative in the first person
Write in the present tense
Write as clearly as possible - use not utilize
Remind the worker why it’s important
Include notes, cautions, warnings
Write at 8th grade level

34. Example SJP:
Pounding a nail into a piece of wood.

35. EXERCISE 6: Using the worksheet below, write a safe job procedure for your team’s task. Evaluate the SJP using the criteria discussed on the previous page.

36. Reviewing the JHA
Periodically reviewing your job hazard analysis ensures that it remains current and continues to help reduce workplace accidents and injuries.
Even if the job has not changed, it is possible that during the review process you will identify hazards that were not identified in the initial analysis.

37. Reviewing the JHA
Review your job hazard analysis if an illness or injury occurs on a specific job.
Any time you revise a job hazard analysis, it is important to train all employees affected by the changes in the new job methods, procedures, or protective measures adopted.

38. Use the JHA as a lesson plan
To get more value out of the JHA program, consider using the completed JHA as a lesson plan when training new employees.
Doing so helps guarantee safe job procedures are taught from the start.

39. Get employees involved
Its' so important to involve employees in developing JHAs to increase ownership.
Employees use their own procedures when not being directly supervised.
Doesn't it make sense to involve employees in developing safe job procedures so that when they are not being supervised, they'll use them!

40. Before you run… let’s review!

41. That's it!
Be safe!
See you next time!