APCD-AIIA Joint Public Forum 29 October 2009 Assisting Disrupted States: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects Social Development and Humanitarian Aspects Alison Chartres

Scope of Presentation The Challenges Approaches:Humanitarian Action Social Development Transition Lessons Measures

A disrupted state... the challenges  Recent or current conflict  Divisions along ethnic, religious, regional lines  Humanitarian needs  Displaced communities  Absence of the rule of law  Former combatants – DDR imperative

 Low resource capacity of the state, low accountability  Ineffective service delivery by state authorities  Destroyed or deteriorated infrastructure  Mistrust within and between communities  Outstanding reconciliation needs  High unemployment, limited economic opportunities  High expectations

Humanitarian Action Guiding Framework of International Humanitarian Law, related conventions, codes and standards. The Humanitarian Imperative The right to receive humanitarian assistance, and to offer it, is a fundamental humanitarian principle which should be enjoyed by all citizens of all countries Principles of Humanity, Neutrality and Impartiality Requires enabling environment for unimpeded access to affected populations

Humanitarian Action Basic needs including security, shelter, food, water and sanitation Displaced populations – support, facilitate dignified return and reintegration Protection of Civilians

Can be a very busy ‘space’ National Gov Village Auth Local Gov Local Powers MP CIMIC Force Commander Police Commissioner UN CIVPOL CONTINGENT SECTOR NORTH SECTOR SOUTH SECTOR EAST SECTOR WEST STATION POLICE TRAINING UNIT UN OCHA UNICEFUNHCRWFPUNDPWHO Pol Head Chief Administrative Officer Human Rights Division Humanitarian Affairs Coordination Information Division Political Affairs Legal Affairs Special Assistant Electoral Division Deputy Pol Head COUNTRY DIRECTOR OHCHR PROMOTION GROUP PROTECTION GROUP TECHNICAL SUPPORT GROUP LIAISON GROUP INDIGENOUS TRAINING PARTNER TRAINING IN-HOUSE TRAINING STATION SECTOR NORTH SECTOR SOUTH SECTOR EAST SECTOR WEST LEGAL FORENSIC INVESTI- GATIONS ANALYSIS SRSG LIAISON FORCE COMD LIAISON CIVPOL COM LIAISON LIAISON POOL ADMIN SERVICES GP PERSONAL/ ADVISORY STAFF Chief of Administrative Services Chief of Supt Chief of Integrated Supt Services Engineering/ Facilities Management Assets Management Transport Comms and ADP Personnel Finance Procurement General Admin Services OHCHR GENEVA UNHQ NEW YORK UNHCR GENEVA UN LSD NEW YORK UN DPA NEW YORK UN DPKO NEW YORK HOST NATION NATIONAL GOVERNMENT HOST NATION NATIONAL GOVERNMENT HOST NATION REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS HOST NATION REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS HOST NATION LOCAL GOVTS HOST NATION LOCAL GOVTS HOST NATION MILITARY HOST NATION MILITARY HOST NATION FORMATIONS HOST NATION FORMATIONS HOST NATION UNITS HOST NATION UNITS HOST NATION POPULATION HOST NATION POPULATION REBEL FACTION(S) POLITICAL LEADERSHIP REBEL FACTION(S) REGIONAL LEADERSHIP REBEL FACTION(S) LEADERHIP REBEL FACTION(S) MILITARY REBEL FACTION(S) FORMATIONS REBEL FACTION(S) UNITS Foreign Military and Police Inter Humanitarian UN & its Headquarters Host Gov & Military Rebels & Military

Social Development Recognise development as a process not an outcome Accountability - for timely and effective support Adapt support to local context Respect community resilience and coping strategies Promote local ownership and capacity, empower communities and civil society representatives Build trust and confidence

Social Development Rule of Law Basic services Basic infrastructure Community rehabilitation, restoration Peace dividends Reconciliation Information and communication

Humanitarian needs in disrupted states do not end with the signing of a peace agreement and the ‘end’ of hostilities Transition from humanitarian to development is critical

“Poorly managed transitions can jeopardise the peace dividend as well as protract dependency and weaken state institutions… In transition, food aid and other life-saving interventions are comparatively better funded, while other sectors that may also provide a key bridge between relief and development, such as water, health, sanitation, agriculture, education, the rule of law and good governance, remain chronically under-funded…” UN OCHA 2008

Rate of Effort Recovery Development Relief Local Community National Civilian National Military International Civilian International Military CIMIC Mil OCHA? Event

Lessons No clear line of demarcation between humanitarian action and social development activities Maintain a focus on humanitarian needs during development planning and implementation phases Take care when transitioning between phases of support Balance attention to rebuilding of the state with the humanitarian, peacebuilding and social development needs

Empower Communities Promote the State-Citizen Contract Promote the role of Women, Youth and other target groups in social development Integrate peacebuilding approaches

Apply sufficient timeframes and an appropriate pace Don’t risk program effectiveness and long- term objectives with haste Tailor activities to the local environment, culture and societal approaches as appropriate

Return and reintegrate displaced populations - a humanitarian and a social development issue Approach Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration with proper planning Help to build trust Promote equity Do No Harm

Support state and non-state partnerships to assist with basic needs, service delivery and social development activities Monitor trends and issues as they change in a rapidly evolving and complex social environment, be flexible Ensure coherence and clarity of information

Nation-Building ‘A nation-building agenda needs to support the emergence of networks of communication and exchange between Government, social institutions and people, and between different levels and kinds of governance….engagement or exchange with local values and practices is fundamental to nation-building’ M Anne Brown, Security, development and the nation building agenda – East Timor, University of QLD, 2009

Measures Investment in: Analysis and understanding of the context Cultural awareness Deeper awareness of social structures, traditional systems and structures

Interagency relationships Coherence of message, coherence of support Open and regular communication with the population Clear roles for military and non-military agencies