CHAPTER 9 Exploded Boundaries 1815 – 1828 “The utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; their land and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and, in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress. . .”

"I know of no country in which there is so little independence of mind and real freedom of discussion as in America."  Alexis De Tocqueville [1830s]

Bibliography Albert Fishlow, American Railroads and the Transformation of the Ante-Bellum Economy (1965) Robert Fogel, Railroads and American Economic Growth: Essays in Econometric History (1964) Oscar and Mary Handlin, Commonwealth: A Study of the Role of Government in the American Economy (1947) Robert Remini, Andrew Jackson and the Source of American Freedom (1981) Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., The Age of Jackson (1945)

Andrew Jackson This 1845 painting captures the heroic, forceful side of Andrew Jackson that made him so appealing to many voters.

Erie Canal In the days before railroads, canals were seen as the best way to move both people and goods into the interior. Here, workers excavate a lock designed to raise and lower canal boats in Lockport, New York, between 1817 and 1825.

Chapter Review Explain the development of a national economy through financial and transportation developments. Briefly describe the rise in popularity of Andrew Jackson. Describe the growth of the plantation South and its increased reliance on cotton. Briefly explain the implications of the Missouri Compromise for both white and black Americans. Explain the changes that took place in American politics during the 1820s.

Identifications James Monroe Henry Clay’s American System national bank, internal improvements, protective tariffs John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster Chief Justice [Federalist] John Marshall Cases: Dartmouth, Ogden, McCullough National Road Erie Canal Missouri Compromise Denmark Vesey Monroe Doctrine Bank War, Trail of Tears [next chapter]

I. New Borders Whites continue to encroach on Native American lands Forts are built in all frontier areas Cherokees and other tribes adopt “civilized” ways but are still repulsed Andrew Jackson achieves hero status battling Indians in Florida Federal government works to build communication and transportation networks

Lands Ceded by American Indians ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Lands Ceded by American Indians

II. Building a National Economy Cotton production brings tremendous growth to South, in large part due to slave labor Northwest becomes fastest growing area Northeast becomes manufacturing and industrial center of United States The American System included internal improvements, protective tariffs, and a national bank

Redrawing the Nation’s Boundaries ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Redrawing the Nation’s Boundaries

III. Regional Growth Cotton moves across South Settlement of Northwest accelerates Northeast becomes land of farms and factories, especially textiles

Migration Patterns in the Southeast ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Migration Patterns in the Southeast

Migration Patterns in the Northwest ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Migration Patterns in the Northwest

Cotton Mills in the North ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Cotton Mills in the North

IV. Consequences of Expansion British competition causes economic downturn in 1819, but Madison is re-elected Question of statehood for Missouri brings on crisis in 1820 South Carolina reels from attempted revolt led by Denmark Vesey Monroe Doctrine enunciates America’s stand on foreign policy that holds until twentieth century

©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Election of 1828

V. The Reinvention of Politics Lafayette’s return to United States encourages Americans about their future The 1824 presidential election shows unconcern of many Americans John Quincy Adams is elected but does little as president Politics seems filled with conspiracies Democratic party emerges to help Andrew Jackson win 1828 election