American Life in the 17th C:

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American Life in the 17th C: 1607-1692 Chapter 4 Theme: In the Chesapeake region, seventeenth-century colonial society was characterized by disease-shortened lives, weak family life, and a social hierarchy that included hardworking planters at the top and restless poor whites and black slaves at the bottom. Despite the substantial disruption of their traditional culture and the mingling of African peoples, slaves in the Chesapeake developed a culture that mixed African and new-world elements ,and developed one of the few slave societies that grew through natural reproduction.

I. Southern Plantation Society Despite Challenges, Chesapeake flourished Difficult Living Disease and family life Tobacco increased Indentured Servants Headright System (+50) Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676 Background of Slavery Immigration of Slaves increased after 1670’s Middle Passage to West Indies to SC or RI. Limitations on freedom No literacy, chattels are slaves, no freedom with conversion

II. Two Groups: Ebony or Ivory?” African-Americans Many hardships Developed mixed culture Ultimate goal: Freedom Buy freedom NY Revolt, 1712 Stono Revolt, 1739 White Americans Strict social structure a. Planters, yeoman, landless Unique lifestyle 1712 NY Slave Revolt 1733 St. John Slave Revolt 1739 Stono Rebellion 1741 NY Conspiracy 1760 Tacky’s War (Jamaica) 1791-1804 Haitian Revolution

III. New England Society Puritan townships evolve Structured and ordered government. Congregationalist Half-way Covenant Salem Witch Trials Economic Diversity Benefit of fast rivers Rocky soil discouraged Ag. Lots economic activities Mono-cultural Slavery diminishes Middle or lower class

Review Questions Compare and contrast the ways in which economic development affected politics in Massachusetts and Virginia in the period from 1607 to 1750 (2005, A). Analyze the impact of the Atlantic trade routes established in the mid 1600’s on economic development in the British North American colonies. Consider the period 1650-1750. (2002, B) Analyze the cultural and economic responses of TWO of the following groups to the Indians of North America before 1750. British French Spanish Compare the ways in which religion shaped the development of colonial society (to 1740) in TWO of the following regions: New England Chesapeake Middle Atlantic Compare the ways in which TWO of the following reflected tensions in colonial society (2003, A). Bacon’s Rebellion Pueblo Revolt (1680) Salem witchcraft trials (1692) Stono Rebellion (1739)