The Height of Imperialism Southeast Asia AfricaIndia Latin America

Introduction to Imperialism What is “New Imperialism”?What is “New Imperialism”? How is it different?How is it different? What are the goals of Imperialism?What are the goals of Imperialism? Social Darwinism/RacismSocial Darwinism/Racism White Man’s BurdenWhite Man’s Burden

Colonial Takeover in Southeast Asia Great BritainGreat Britain SingaporeSingapore BurmaBurma FranceFrance VietnamVietnam IndochinaIndochina ThailandThailand United StatesUnited States PhilippinesPhilippines

Colonial Regimes in Southeast Asia Indirect ruleIndirect rule Dutch East India CompanyDutch East India Company Direct RuleDirect Rule BurmaBurma Colonial EconomiesColonial Economies Imports/exportsImports/exports PlantationsPlantations infrastructureinfrastructure

Resistance to Colonial Rule Resistance by the ruling classResistance by the ruling class Burma (Vietnam)Burma (Vietnam) Peasant RevoltsPeasant Revolts Burma- Saya SanBurma- Saya San NationalismNationalism

Empire Building in Africa West AfricaWest Africa Intense European rivalriesIntense European rivalries SlavesSlaves Peanuts, timber, hides, palm oilPeanuts, timber, hides, palm oil North AfricaNorth Africa Muhammad Ali Suez Canal Sudan Morocco Ethiopia

Empire Building in Africa Central AfricaCentral Africa Livingston; StanleyLivingston; Stanley King Leopold IIKing Leopold II East AfricaEast Africa German involvementGerman involvement Berlin ConferenceBerlin Conference South AfricaSouth Africa 200,000 whites Boers (Afrikaners) Cecil Rhodes Boer War

Colonial Rule in Africa Indirect ruleIndirect rule Class/tribal conflictClass/tribal conflict Maintained local traditionsMaintained local traditions Direct RuleDirect Rule FrenchFrench AssimilationAssimilation

Rise of African Nationalism Western educated- admire or resent the West?Western educated- admire or resent the West? Western hypocrisyWestern hypocrisy Segregation/racismSegregation/racism 20 th century- native people began to organize20 th century- native people began to organize

British Rule in India Sepoy MutinySepoy Mutiny Cow and pig fat greased ammoCow and pig fat greased ammo Hindu/Muslim rivalriesHindu/Muslim rivalries KanpurKanpur Queen Victoria became Empress of IndiaQueen Victoria became Empress of India

Colonial Rule in India BenefitsBenefits Order and stabilityOrder and stability Honest and efficient governmentHonest and efficient government School system established (but only for upper class)School system established (but only for upper class) Railroads, telegraph, postal serviceRailroads, telegraph, postal service CostsCosts Destroyed local industriesDestroyed local industries Farmers switched from food to cotton productionFarmers switched from food to cotton production Treated as inferiorTreated as inferior Disrespect shown for India’s cultural heritageDisrespect shown for India’s cultural heritage

Indian Nationalist Movement Began with upper-class educatedBegan with upper-class educated Indian National Congress- share in governingIndian National Congress- share in governing Mohandas Gandhi- nonviolent resistanceMohandas Gandhi- nonviolent resistance

Colonial Indian Culture British colleges opened in IndiaBritish colleges opened in India Publishing companiesPublishing companies Rabindranath TagoreRabindranath Tagore Writer, poet, social reformer, spiritual leader, educator, philosopher, singer, painterWriter, poet, social reformer, spiritual leader, educator, philosopher, singer, painter Set up an international universitySet up an international university Promoted pride in national Indian consciousnessPromoted pride in national Indian consciousness

Nation Building in Latin America Creoles- had some power, but were second-class citizensCreoles- had some power, but were second-class citizens Peninsulares- held all the important positionsPeninsulares- held all the important positions Mestizos- servants or laborersMestizos- servants or laborers Napoleon’s defeat of Spain weakened colonial controlNapoleon’s defeat of Spain weakened colonial control Haitian RevoltHaitian Revolt

Revolt in Mexico Miguel HidalgoMiguel Hidalgo Organized local Native Americans and mestizos to free themselves from the SpanishOrganized local Native Americans and mestizos to free themselves from the Spanish Force was defeated and Hidalgo executedForce was defeated and Hidalgo executed Creoles and peninsulares joined in the revoltCreoles and peninsulares joined in the revolt Independence in 1822Independence in 1822

Revolts in South America Jose de San Martin- ArgentinaJose de San Martin- Argentina Spaniards must be removed from South AmericaSpaniards must be removed from South America Led a surprise attack over the Andes into ChileLed a surprise attack over the Andes into Chile Simon Bolivar- VenezuelaSimon Bolivar- Venezuela Led struggle for independence in Venezuela, New Grenada (Columbia), and Ecuador Monroe Doctrine- guaranteed the independence of any new Latin American country and warned against any European intervention in the Americas

Difficulties of Nation Building Rule of the CaudillosRule of the Caudillos Santa AnnaSanta Anna TexasTexas Mexican WarMexican War Benito JuarezBenito Juarez Separation of church and stateSeparation of church and state Land distributionLand distribution Educational systemEducational system Economic ImperialismEconomic Imperialism Persistent InequalityPersistent Inequality

Political Change in Latin America United States in Latin AmericaUnited States in Latin America Spanish WarSpanish War Puerto Rico/CubaPuerto Rico/Cuba PanamaPanama American investments- forces sent to Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia, Haiti, and the Dominican RepublicAmerican investments- forces sent to Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic

Revolution in Mexico Porfirio Diaz- ruled MexicoPorfirio Diaz- ruled Mexico Wages declinedWages declined 95% owned no land95% owned no land Diaz forced from powerDiaz forced from power Emiliano Zepata- led a revolt against the wealthy landownersEmiliano Zepata- led a revolt against the wealthy landowners new constitution1917- new constitution

Economic Change in Latin America Prosperity from exporting:Prosperity from exporting: Argentina- wheat and beefArgentina- wheat and beef Brazil- coffeeBrazil- coffee Central America- coffee and bananasCentral America- coffee and bananas Peru- sugar and silverPeru- sugar and silver Began to build their own factoriesBegan to build their own factories