The Brain & Nervous System [Class Number Section] [Instructor Name]

Overview (Pt.1) Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System Telencephalon

Mythbusters: 8 Myths about the Human Brain 1) Einstein’s brain was different than our brains. 2) We only use 10% of our brain. 3) Listening to Mozart makes you smarter. 4) People are either “right-brained” or “left-brained”. 5) Drinking alcohol always kills brain cells. 6) Brain damage is always permanent. 7) The heart is more important for love than the brain. 8) The human brain is larger than any other animal brain.

Evolution of the Mammalian Brain

Overview (Pt.1) Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System Telencephalon

Complexity

Overview (Pt.1) Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System Telencephalon

Development

Important Terms 1.Neural crest 2.Neuroblasts 3.Neuroepithelium 4.Neural induction 5.Ectoderm 6.Rostrocaudal 7.Forebrain Definitions A.1 of 3 layers in the embryo B.Contains the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, and hypothalamus C.Lining of neural tube D.Progenitor cells E.Neurons outside the neural crest F.Head-to-tail direction G.Process that forms neural tube Matching Exercise

Overview (Pt.1) Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System Telencephalon

Structure of the Nervous System Human Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System

Structure: Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Cranial NervesSpinal Nerves Parasympathetic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System

Name that Nervous System Parasympathetic Sympathetic Somatic

Overview (Pt.1) Brain Myths Complexity Development Structure – Name That Nervous System Telencephalon

Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe

PART 2: THE BRAIN AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Overview (Pt.2) Mindmap Activity The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

Activity: Showercap Mindmap 1. Label each of the 4 lobes with blue label 2. Label specialized areas with green: corpus callosum, Broca’s Area, Wernicke’s area 3. Label information processing with yellow, include areas for: hearing, heat, pain and temperature, and integration of information 4. Label cortex areas in orange, include: motor, association, somatosensory, auditory, and visual

Overview (Pt.2) Mindmap Activity The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matter Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

The Hemispheres Right Brain  Visual Hemisphere  Controls left side of body Splitting is the Key Left Brain  Language Hemisphere  Controls right side of body

Hemispherectomy What is it? Living with half a brain Is this the norm? Is it effective?

Overview (Pt.2) Mindmap Activity The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matter Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

Structure: Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon

Central Nervous System: Forebrain & Midbrain Diencephalon  Forebrain  Thalamus - Gatekeeper o Lateral Geniculate Nucleus  Hypothalamus - Regulation Mesencephalon  Mid Brain  Reticular Formation + Brainstem o Visual/Auditory Info

Central Nervous System: Hindbrain Metencephalon  Hindbrain  Pons o Sensory/Motor Info  Cerebellum o Little Brain o Coordination Myelencephalon  Hindbrain  Medulla Oblongata o Basic Survival

Overview (Pt.2) Mindmap Activity The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matter Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

The Limbic System Amygdala  Arousal and Emotion Basal Ganglia  Movement/Coordination Cingulate Gyrus  Directing attention

Overview (Pt.2) Mindmap Activity The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matter Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

Brain Matter Matters Early Brain Study  Phrenology Neuroanatomy  Post-mortem dissection Post-mortem dissection  CAT or MRI Scanners Brain Matter  Gray matter  Neurons  White matter  Myelin

Overview (Pt.2) Mindmap Activity The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matter Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

Brainstem Structure  Medulla  Pons  Midbrain  Diencephalon Function  Survival  Sleep/Wake Cycle  Sensory/Motor Function  Growth/hormonal behaviors

Overview (Pt.2) Mindmap Activity The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matter Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

Neuroimaging Electroencephalography (EEG)  Electrical Activity

Neuroimaging Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) & Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)  Structure

Neuroimaging Positron Emission Topography (PET)  Blood Flow

Neuroimaging Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)  Blood flow

Neuroimaging Diffuse Optical Imaging (DOI)  Oxygenation & Activity

Overview (Pt.2) Mindmap Activity The Hemispheres – Hemispherectomy Structure: Central Nervous System The Limbic System Brain Matter Matters Brain Stem Neuroimaging Techniques Brain Stimulation Techniques

Brain Manipulation Techniques Non-human experimental methods  Lesions or Ablations  Case Studies Human experimental methods  Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)TMS  Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)

Photo Attribution Slide 12 Photo Credit: Nico Ibieta Slide 12 Photo Credit: Mike L Photo's Slide 12 Photo Credit: saminblue Slide 12 Photo Credit: KatieKrueger Slide 19 Photo Credit: MTSOfan Slide 19 Photo Credit: Tormod Ulsberg Slide 20 Photo Credit: EUSKALANATO Slide 26 Photo Credit: wildwise studio Slide 28 Photo Credit: bucaorg (Paul Burnett) Slide 30 Photo Credit: OpenStax College Slide 32 Photo Credit: Ian Ruotsala Slide 33 Photo Credit: pennstatenews Slide 34 Photo Credit: Reigh LeBlanc Sldie 35 & 36 Photo Credit: jgmarcelino Slide 37 Photo Credit: Unknown NIMH author