1. The Neural Control of Behavior
Chapter 5
On many slides, there are questions in the right hand column to enhance student learning. Ask these questions during class, or have students make note of them to answer later.
Gray, Psychology, 6e
Worth Publishers © 2010

2. Quick Question
Do you think your brain today is the same as it was when you were born? Why or why not?
Give students a few minutes to come up with responses, and have them record those responses in their notes for later. Let them know these examples will be revisited or else they might spend the rest of the lecture trying to figure out why they did this exercise.

3. Types of Neurons Sensory neurons Motor neurons Interneurons
Information from sensory organs
Motor neurons
Information from CNS to muscles/glands
Interneurons
In the CNS, information from one neuron to another

4. Parts of the Neuron Cell body Axon Dendrites Keeps the cell alive
Receive messages
Axon
Sends messages
Ends in the axon terminal
May have myelin sheath

5. Action Potential All-or-none firing response
Can change the rate of impulses to increase strength
Depolarization and repolarization

6. Synaptic Transmission
Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap
Key and lock
Excitatory vs. inhibitory synapse

7. Studying the Human Brain
Observing localized brain damage
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

8. Studying the Non-Human Brain
Brain lesions
Stimulation
Electrical recording
Why do you think these methods are usually reserved for non-human animals?

9. Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous Systems
Fight or flight
Parasympathetic nervous system
Growth promoting, energy saving

10. Spinal Cord Pathway to the brain Organizes simple reflexes
Pattern Generation

11. Brainstem Medulla Pons Midbrain Postural reflexes Vital reflexes
Species-typical movement patterns

12. Thalamus Relays sensory and motor signals Arousal of the brain
Did you know that Michael J. Fox had surgery on his thalamus to help with his symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease?

13. Cerebellum and Basil Ganglia
Coordinate skilled movements
Feedback
Feed-forward

14. Limbic System Amygdala Hippocampus
Regulation of basic drives and emotions
Hippocampus
Encoding certain memories

15. Hypothalmus Regulates the internal environment of the body
Influences the autonomic nervous system
Controls the release of certain hormones
Affects certain drive states, such as hunger and thirst
Helps regulate emotional states, such as fear and anger

16. Cerebral Cortex Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

17. Hemispheric Specialization
Left Hemisphere
Language
Right Hemisphere
Non-verbal, visuospatial information

18. Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area
Broca’s aphasia
Wernicke’s area
Wernicke’s aphasia

19. Experience and the Brain
If you use it, it will grow
Neurons that fire together wire together
Hebbian synapse
Long-term potentiation

20. Hormones and the Brain Hormones vs. neurotransmitters Neurohormones
Snail mail vs.
Neurohormones

21. Drugs and the Brain Drugs vs. hormones Drugs and synaptic transmission
Do you know anyone who takes an antidepressant medication such as Zoloft or Prozac? These drugs block the re-uptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin

22. Assessment
Take a minute to right down as many words as you can remember that relate to neurons without looking at your notes.
Students can write down their answers to hand in, either with or without their names, or they can discuss their answers aloud.