1. The Central Nervous System
Chapter 3
Biological Basis of behavior

2. The Central Nervous System
The CNS receives sensory information and controls the body’s response.
The CNS has two parts: the brain and the spinal cord

3. The Brain The brain weighs about 3 pounds.
It has 3 main sections: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain.

4. The Forebrain Largest part of the brain
Consists of the CEREBRUM and other structures
Responsible for intelligence, memory, personality, emotion
Contains LOBES
Frontal Lobe – higher thinking, voluntary movements, language
Parietal Lobe – sensory information
Temporal Lobe – hearing, memory
Occipital Lobe – visual processes
Has left and right Hemispheres
The left side is logical and analytical
The right is intuitive, creative, and subjective

5. The Midbrain The midbrain sits just above the brain stem.
It is associated with vision, hearing, movement, being asleep/awake, arousal, and temperature regulation.

6. The Hindbrain
The hindbrain consists of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla.
It controls balance, movement, and coordination.
The pons and medulla are also called the brain stem and they control automatic functions like breathing , heart rate, blood pressure, etc.

7. Psychological Problems
Mental Illnesses:
Could be due to structural or chemical problems
Genetics
Alcohol or other drug abuse
Head injuries:
Repeated concussions can lead to permanent brain injury

8. Methods of Studying the Brain - Experiments
Brain injuries and accidents can show changes in behavior and mental processes
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9. Methods of Studying the Brain - Experiments
Experiments with animals have shown that damaging one part of the hypothalamus causes rats to overeat.
Damaging another part of the hypothalamus causes them to stop eating.

10. Methods of Studying the Brain - Experiments
Because the brain has no receptors for pain, surgeons have been able to stimulate parts of the brain with electrical probes.
It is called deep brain stimulation.
Helps patients with Parkinson’s disease.

11. Methods of Recording – Electroencephalograph (EEG)
Used to detect natural electrical activity of the brain (brain waves)
Certain brain waves are associated with relaxation, stages of sleep, and neurological problems

12. Brain Imaging – CAT Scan/CT Scan
Computerized Axial Technology
X-rays pass through the head and give a 3D image of the shape and structure of the skull

13. Brain Imaging – PET Scan
Positron Emission Tomography
Uses a radioactive dye that shows diseases such as cancer

14. Brain Imaging - MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Uses a magnetic field and radio waves to make pictures