The Old Testament. What is the “Old Testament” and why does it matter?

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Presentation transcript:

The Old Testament

What is the “Old Testament” and why does it matter?

Three Questions What do we call the “Old Testament”? How do we read the Old Testament? What history/story does the Old Testament tell?

Old Testament First Testament Bible Hebrew Bible Tanakh What do we call the “Old Testament”?

THE BOOKS OF THE “OLD TESTAMENT”

Collection of documents handed down over several centuries First complete manuscript: Leningrad Codex 1008 CE Earliest manuscript: fragment of Deut 6:24–26 from Ketef Hinnom close to Jerusalem (7 th –6 th c. BCE) What makes up the Old Testament?

As the “Word of God” –“All scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness” (2 Tim 3:16) –“Like any other book” (Benjamin Jowett, 1860) How do we read the Old Testament?

Primeval History (Gen 1–11) The Patriarchs (Gen 12–50) What history/story does the Old Testament tell? BC Exile ?ca. 2100–1500 Primeval Hist.Patriarchs 515 Provan, Long & Longman, A Biblical History of Israel, 2003

The Exodus ca. 1500– Exile Biblical History: Exodus and Wandering BC David

The ExodusDavid BC Exile Biblical History: Settlement and Judges

The ExodusDavid & Solomon BC Exile Biblical History: United Monarchy

The ExodusRehoboam /Jeroboam BC Exile Biblical History: Divided Monarchy

The ExodusDavid BC Omri 874 Ahab 841 Jehu ca. 735 Syro-Ephraimite War 722 Israel rebels against the Assyrians Reaction: Samaria destroyed and king exiled. The Northern Kingdom ceases to exist. Destruction of Israel Biblical History: The Northern Kingdom

The ExodusDavid BC Exile 701 Hezekiah of Judah rebels against Sennacherib; Jerusalem narrowly escapes destruction. 621Josiah finds Book of the Law 609Josiah dies in battle near Megiddo against Egyptians. Egyptians imprison Jehoahaz, Josiah’s son. Egyptians appoint Jehoiaqim as their vassal-king. 605 Babylonians win against Egyptians: Jehoiaqim switches over to their side. 601 Babylonians fail to conquer Egypt. Judah switches over to the Egyptians again. 597Babylonians punish Judah; they besiege and conquer Jerusalem. They take Jehoiachin, Jehoiaqim’s son, prisoner and install Zedekiah, Jehoiachin’s uncle as king 587 Zedekiah rebels – Nebuchadnezzar conquers and completely destroys Jerusalem. Exile to Babylon. The southern kingdom ceases to exist. Fall of Samaria Biblical History: The Southern Kingdom

The ExodusDavid BC Exile 539 Cyrus the Great (king of Persia) conquers Babylon and the Jews go back to Israel (Judah) to rebuild the temple. 515 Second Temple completed Fall of SamariaEnd of Exile Biblical History: The Return

Katharine Dell

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