كلية الهندسة تاريخ الهندسة والتصميم. تاريخ الهندسة مرتبط بتاريخ البشر على الأرض التصميمات الهندسية الأولى كانت منتجات بسيطة وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ

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Presentation transcript:

كلية الهندسة تاريخ الهندسة والتصميم

تاريخ الهندسة مرتبط بتاريخ البشر على الأرض التصميمات الهندسية الأولى كانت منتجات بسيطة وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلاَئِكَةِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً قَالَ اهْبِطَا مِنْهَا جَمِيعًا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُم مِّنِّي هُدًى فَمَنِ اتَّبَعَ هُدَايَ فَلَا يَضِلُّ وَلَا يَشْقَى هُوَ أَنشَأَكُم مِّنَ الأَرْضِ وَاسْتَعْمَرَكُمْ فِيهَا حَتَّىَ إِذَا أَخَذَتِ الأَرْضُ زُخْرُفَهَا وَازَّيَّنَتْ وَظَنَّ أَهْلُهَا أَنَّهُمْ قَادِرُونَ عَلَيْهَآ أَتَاهَا أَمْرُنَا لَيْلاً أَوْ نَهَارًا فَجَعَلْنَاهَا حَصِيدًا كَأَن لَّمْ تَغْنَ بِالأَمْسِ

Engineer E N G ?

Engineers must have the skillset and methodology to problem solve, including soft skills. And the engineer must be:skillsetmethodologyproblem solvesoft skills Self motivated.motivated Enthusiasm to learn about emerging technologies, hardware, software and applications.Enthusiasmemerging technologieshardwaresoftwareapplications Logical approach to problem solving and troubleshooting.Logicalproblem solvingtroubleshooting Detail oriented. Quick thinking.thinking Calm under high pressure situations.Calm Good oral skills.oral Leadership skills - organizing and motivating a group of engineers.Leadership Drawing skills - to draw graphical workflow diagrams or CAD schematic drawings.graphicalworkflowdiagramsCAD schematicdrawings Training and mentoring skills - To train and mentor junior or fellow engineers or operational staff.Trainingmentoring

العصور التاريخية يقسّم المؤرخون التاريخ إلى عدّة عصور وذلك لسببين: الرغبة في تسهيل البحث والدراسة في كل عصر على حدة. إظهار ميّزات كل عصر على حدة؛ إذ أن لكل عصر طابعه وسماته الخاصّة.

هذه العصور هي: 1.(عصور ما قبل التاريخ) وتبدأ مع وجود الإنسان على وجه الكرة الأرضية وتنتهي مع اختراع الإنسان للكتابة حوالي عام (3500 ق.م). 2.(العصور التاريخية) التي تبدأ عام (3500 ق.م) وتستمر حتى الآن.

الحد الفاصل بين ما قبل التاريخ والتاريخ هو اختراع الكتابة في سومر وايبلا السورية (3200 ق.م) تقريباً. اخترع السومريون الكتابة حوالي 3500 قبل الميلاد، وذلك باستخدام قصبات مختلفة الأشكال للحفر على الصلصال الطري (اللبن) قبل أن يجف.

Sumer, Iraq Ebla, Syria

بماذا تبدأ وتنتهي عصور ما قبل التاريخ تبدأ عصور ما قبل التاريخ بظهور الإنسان، وتنتهي باختراع الكتابة. ما هي عصور ما قبل التاريخ؟ 1. العصر الحجري القديم: و مدته 3 ملايين سنة. 2. العصر الحجري الحديث: ومدته 7000 سنة.

العصر الحجري هو فتره من عصر ما قبل التاريخ والتي استعمل فيها الإنسان عامة الحجارة لصنع الأدوات. ًًصنعت الأدوات من أنواع عديدة من الحجارة بتقطيعها أو نحتها لتستعمل كأدوات للتقطيع وكأسلحة. وينقسم العصر الحجري إلى ثلاثة أقسام رئيسية:

1.العصر الحجري القديم: بدأ مع ظهور الإنسان على سطح الأرض، واستمر حتى العام قبل الميلاد. وكان الإنسان في هذا العصر يعتمد على التنقل من مكان لآخر، والعيش على الصيد. وصنع أدواته من العظام والحجارة. وفي هذا العصر تعلم البشر إشعال النار. spear thrower

Fire invention

2. العصر الحجري الحديث: ويبدأ من العام حتى العام 4000 قبل الميلاد، وفيه استقر الإنسان حيث دجن الحيوانات وعمل في الزراعة.

3. عصر الحجر والمعادن: وهو العصر الذي بدأ بعد العام 4000 قبل الميلاد، وفيه تعرف الإنسان على المعادن وطرق صهرها (النحاس، البرونز، الحديد).

بماذا تبدأ وتنتهي عصور التاريخ؟ تبدأ عصور التاريخ باختراع الكتابة وتنتهي بوقتنا الحاضر. عصور التاريخ

ما هي عصور التاريخ؟ 1. التاريخ القديم: ومدته 4 ألاف سنة. (من 3500/ 3200 ق.م إلى 500 م). 2. التاريخ الوسيط: ومدته ألف سنة. (من 500 م إلى 1500م) 3. التاريخ الحديث: ومدته 300 سنة. (من 1500م إلى 1800 م) 4. التاريخ المعاصر: بدأ من 1800م و لا زال مستمرا إلى وقتنا الحاضر.

History of Engineering wind turbines represent a modern multi disciplinary engineering problem

The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as: Earliest of humans invented tools

The pulley

lever

wheel

Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.

Water Wheel & Watermill

The Loom

Ancient era These and others stand as a testament to the ingenuity and skill of the ancient civil and military engineers:

Pharos of Alexandria

pyramids in Egypt

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon

The Acropolis and the Parthenon

Roman aqueducts

Via Appia and the Coliseum

The Great Wall of China

The earliest civil engineer known by name is Imhotep, As one of the officials of the Pharaoh, Djosèr, he probably designed and supervised the construction of the Pyramid of Djoser (the Step Pyramid) at Saqqara in Egypt around BC. He may also have been responsible for the first known use of columns in architecture.

Ancient Greece

Chinese, Greek and Roman armies employed complex military machines and inventions such as: artillery which was developed by the Greeks around the 4th century B.C

the trireme

the ballista

the catapult

In the Middle Ages, the Trebuchet was developed.

Renaissance era The first electrical engineer is considered to be William Gilbert, with his 1600 publication of De Magnete, who was the originator of the term "electricity".

The first steam engine was built in 1698 by mechanical engineer Thomas Savery. The development of this device gave rise to the industrial revolution in the coming decades, allowing for the beginnings of mass production.

The first successful steam pump was patented by Thomas Savery in 1698, and in his words provided an "engine to raise water by fire". The Savery Pump

The Watt steam engine, a major driver in the industrial revolution, underscores the importance of engineering in modern history. This model is on display at the main building of the ETSIIM in Madrid, Spain.

Modern era Electrical engineering can trace its origins in the: experiments of Alessandro Volta in the 1800s, the experiments of Michael Faraday, Georg Ohm and others and the invention of the electric motor in Alessandro Volta

Michael Faraday Georg Ohm

electric motor

The work of James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th century gave rise to the field of Electronics.

James MaxwellHeinrich Hertz

The later inventions of the vacuum tube and the transistor further accelerated the development of Electronics to such an extent that electrical and electronics engineers currently outnumber their colleagues of any other Engineering specialty.

George Cayley

Only a decade after the successful flights by the Wright brothers, the 1920s saw extensive development of aeronautical engineering through development of World War I military aircraft. Meanwhile, research to provide fundamental background science continued by combining theoretical physics with experiments.

The first PhD in engineering (technically, applied science and engineering) awarded in the United States went to Willard Gibbs at Yale University in 1863; it was also the second PhD awarded in science in the U.S. Willard Gibbs

In 1990, with the rise of computer technology, the first search engine was built by computer engineer Alan Emtage.

History of engineering The history of engineering can be roughly divided into four overlapping phases, each marked by a revolution: 1.Pre-scientific revolution: The prehistory of modern engineering features ancient master builders and Renaissance engineers such as Leonardo da Vinci. 2.Industrial revolution: From the eighteenth through early nineteenth century, civil and mechanical engineers changed from practical artists to scientific professionals. 3.Second industrial revolution: In the century before World War II, chemical, electrical, and other science-based engineering branches developed electricity, telecommunications, cars, airplanes, and mass production. 4.Information revolution: As engineering science matured after the war, microelectronics, computers, and telecommunications jointly produced information technology.

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