1. Historical Engineers
Objective 2.2

2. Technological Advancement
Important contributions to the advancement of science, mathematics, and technology have been made by different kinds of people, in different cultures, at different times.
Progress in science and invention depends heavily on what else is happening in society.

3. Early Engineers Mesopotamian Clay tablets to document and layout plans
Babylonian
Primitive algebra
Primitive asphalt roadway coverings
Egyptians
Pyramids
Irrigation systems
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Engineering byDesign™

4. Renaissance Engineers
Leonardo da Vinci: Born in Italy in He was a painter, sculptor, and inventor.
Galileo: Born in Italy in He discovered many physics properties.
Galileo’s Experiments:
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Foundations of Technology, Third Edition/
Technology, Engineering, and Design
©International Technology Education Association
Center to Advance the Teaching of Technology & Science
Engineering byDesign™

5. Greek and Roman Engineers
Greek engineers created the crossbow and catapult to conquer territories.
Roman engineers created aqueduct systems, sanitary systems, and an extensive road system. In addition, the first steam engine was created during the Roman Empire.
Catapult (
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology, Third Edition/
Technology, Engineering, and Design
©International Technology Education Association
Center to Advance the Teaching of Technology & Science
Engineering byDesign™

6. Middle Age
Engineers
Paper
Arab society developing paper and chemistry applications
Chinese society developing clocks, gunpowder, and astronomical instruments
The word engineer began to appear. Its root lies in the Latin word ingeniare, “to design or devise.” (
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology, Third Edition/
Technology, Engineering, and Design
©International Technology Education Association
Center to Advance the Teaching of Technology & Science
Engineering byDesign™

7. Industrial Age Engineers
James Watts refines the steam engine for practical use.
Alessandro Volta discovers the principles for a battery.
Pieter van Musschenbroek creates the forerunner to the capacitor.
Henry Ford creates the concept of the assembly line.
Capacitor (
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology, Third Edition/
Technology, Engineering, and Design
©International Technology Education Association
Center to Advance the Teaching of Technology & Science
Engineering byDesign™