1. History Science

2. Science begins with inquiry! Curiosity towards nature started science Early people asked questions and gave probable answers (pre-scientific)

3. Prehistoric Controlled use of Fire (Early Stone Age) Agriculture and Domestication (10,000 years ago) Invention of the Wheel (3500 BC)

4. Early Civilizations Writing developed in Egypt and Mesopotamia

5. Ancient Greece (400 BC – 200 BC) Birth of Geometry (Euclid) Water-displacement Principle (Archimedes) Medicine (Hippocrates) Astronomy (Hipparchus) Earth Science (Eratosthenes) Right Triangles (Pythagoras)

6. Roman Empire Aqueducts and roads

7. Middle Ages Arabs made significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy

8. 16 th Century Copernicus published his heliocentric theory (1543) Andreas Vesalius laid the foundation of anatomy

9. 17 th Century Galileo proved Copernicus’ work, invented the telescope, and used it to discover four moons of Jupiter Robert Hooke uses the microscope to view cells

10. 17 th Century Kepler formulates laws on planetary motion (1609) William Harvey publishes theory on blood circulation (1628) Newton studies optics (1667), formulated his laws of motion and gravitation (1687)

11. 18 th Century Carolus Linnaeus forms classification of plants and animals (taxonomy) James Watt makes the first modern steam engine (1765) Antoine Lavoisier explains combustion (1770’s)

12. 19 th Century Count Alessandro Volta builds the first electronic battery (1800) Michael Faraday produces current from a magnet moving on a coil of wire (1831) Charles Darwin publishes Theory of Evolution (1859)

13. 19 th Century Louis Pasteur theorizes that germs cause diseases, starts the study of microbiology (1860’s) Gregor Mendel publishes theories on heredity (1866) Dmitri Mendeleev and Julius Lothar Meyer develop the Periodic Law, the basis for the Periodic Table of Elements (1869)

14. 19 th Century James Clerk Maxwell formulates theory of electromagnetism (1873) Wilhelm Roentgen discovers X-rays (1895) Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity (1896)

15. 20 th Century Albert Einstein publishes special theory of relativity and E=mc 2 (1905) Ernest Rutherford formulates theories on the structure of an atom (1911) Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin (1928)

16. 20 th Century Enrico Fermi leads a team to create the first controlled nuclear reaction (1942) James Watson and Francis Crick formulate the structure of DNA (1953) Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space (1961)

17. 20 th Century Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins land on the moon (1969) The US launches Columbia, the first reusable space vehicle (1981) French scientists isolate the virus causing Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (1983)