Bones of the lower limb Krešimir Tućin 2nd year, 2013/14

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Presentation transcript:

Bones of the lower limb Krešimir Tućin 2nd year, 2013/14 University of Zagreb Medical School Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

Function Carry and support the weight of the entire erect body Points for muscular attachments Locomotion (standing, walking, jumping, running, kicking, etc.)

Components Thigh Knee Leg Foot Femur Patella Tibia (medial) Fibula (lateral) Foot Tarsals (7) Metatarsals (5) Phalanges (14)

Surface anatomy Bony prominences and margins – palpable Exception: hip joint, neck, and shaft of the femur Anatomical landmarks – define the extent of the leg Superior anterior iliac spine, greater trochanter, medial condyle of tibia, and medial malleolus

Posterior side – only tendons palpable Anterior thigh Patella Femur Condyles Anterior leg bones Tibia Tibial tuberosity Anterior crest Medial surface Medial malleolus Fibula Head Lateral malleolus Posterior side – only tendons palpable

Femur Thigh bone Largest, longest, strongest bone in the body! Receives a lot of stress Courses medially More in women! Articulates with acetabulum proximally hip (“ball and socket”) joint Articulates with tibia and patella distally knee joint lat. acetabulum = vinegar cup

Knee Femur, patella, tibia Patella Kneecap Triangular sesamoid bone Protects knee joint Improves leverage of thigh muscles acting across the knee Contained within patellar ligament

Tibia Shin bone Receives weight of body from femur and transmits to foot Second to femur in size and weight Articulates with fibula proximally and distally Articulates with femur and patella proximally

Fibula Does NOT bear weight! Muscle attachment Not part of knee joint Stabilizes ankle joint *ankle joint = tibia, fibula, talus

Fractures of the tibia and fibula

Foot Function: Parts: Supports the weight of the body Acts as a lever to propel the body forward Parts: Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges of the foot

Tarsals Hind part of the foot 7 short bones Similar to the carpals Parts: Calcaneus Talus Navicular 3 Cuneiforms Cuboid

Metatarsals and phalanges of the foot Midfoot Similar to metacarpals Phalanges Forefoot 2 in the big toe, 3 in each of the other toes Both long bones

Foot arches 3 arches Flat foot Medial Longitudinal Lateral Transverse Tendons Inferior to foot bones Help support arches of foot Function Support the weight of the body during standing Elastic propulsion during walking Flat foot

References en.wikipedia.org www.innerbody.com www.dartmouth.edu faculty.ccri.edu Elsevier, Drake et al: Gray's anatomy for students