1. Lower Appendicular Skeleton

2. Pelvic Girdle
Formed by two ossa coxa (hipbones) and united anteriorly by the symphsis pubis.
The pelvic Girdle supports the weight of the body.
Supports and protects vital organs.

3. Ossa Coxae
Consists of 3 separate bones.
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

4. Ilium Ilium is the largest and uppermost of the 3 pelvic bones
Iliac Crest
Anterior superior iliac spine
Can you feel it?
Posterior superior iliac Spine
Dimple

5. Ischium Posterior Inferior component of the os coxae
The ischial tuberosity is the bony projection that supports the weight of the body in a sitting position.

6. Pubis
Anterior component
Forms the symphysis pubis

7. Sex Difference in the pelvis
To accommodate child birth a females pelvis is…
Tilted forward
Distance between the anterior superior iliac spine is wider (wider hips)
More spherical and wider
Symphysis pubis is shallower
Pubic arc is wider and more rounded

8. Lower Extremity
Thigh
Lower leg
Ankle
Foot

9. Thigh Femur is the only bone of the thigh
Largest heaviest and strongest bone in the body
Takes 2000 lbs per square inch of pressure to fracture the femoral shaft
Proximal head articulates with the acetabulum of the os coxa
Common site for older people to fracture

11. Patella (knee cap) Sesamoid bone
The patella is a traingular bone with…
Base
Apex
Articular facets.

12. Functions of the patella
Protect the knee joint.
Strengthen the tendon within which It is located.
Increase the leverage action when this tendon is pulled.

13. Lower Leg
Tibia
Fibula
The tibia is the larger of the two bones

14. Tibia (Shinbone) Tibial Tuberosity Medial Malleolus Anterior Crest
This is the attachment of the patellar ligament
Can you fell it?
This is were Interosseous (I.O.) infusion is preformed through the flat bone surface found one finger’s width below the tibial tuberosity
Medial Malleolus
Can you feel it?
Anterior Crest
Shin bone
Furniture detector

16. Fibula Long narrow bone
This bone is mainly for muscle attachment not for support
Lateral malleolus
Can you find it?

17. Ankle
7 tarsal bones
Two main bones
Talus
Calcaneus
Heel of the foot

18. Foot 5 metatarsal bones 14 phalanges within the toes
Arches of the foot
Support the weight of the body and provide leverage when walking
Longitudinal arch
Transverse arch

19. Foot
2 Arches
Support the weight of the body and provide leverage when walking
Transverse Arch
Longitudinal arch

20. Medical problems associated with the pelvic girdle and lower leg
Club foot (talipes)
Fractures (read Does a broken bone heal so it’s stronger than before?)
Femoral
Hip
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Ankle

21. Club Foot The sole of the foot is twisted medially
This is a congenital (inherited) problem

22. Femoral Fracture

23. Tibial Fracture

24. Fibula Fracture

25. Ankle Fracture

26. Patella Fracture