1. Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic Girdle & Lower Extremity

2. Pelvic Girdle Made up of 2 Ossa Coxae
Articulated anteriorly by the symphysis pubis
Articulate posteriorly to the the Sacroiliac Joint
Each Ossa Coxae is made up of 3 separate bones that are fused together: Ilium, Ischium & Pubis
The Pelvic Girdle Functions
Muscle Attachment
Protection of Pelvic Organs
Supports the weight5 of the spine & trunk, & transfers weight to the lower extremity
Pelvic Girdle

3. Ossa Coxae: The Ilium, Ischium & Pubis ossify in the acetabulum (hip socket) Ilium: Uppermost & largest portion * Iliac Crest Ischium: Posterior, Inferior Portion * Ischial Tuberosity Pubis: Anterior, Inferior Portion * Symphysis Pubis

4. Ossa Coxae: Anterior View

5. Pelvic Girdle (pink) Greater Pelvis (False Pelvis): ASIS – ASIS Lesser Pelvis (True Pelvis): Ischial Spine – Ischial Spine Symphysis Pubis: fuses ossa coxae anteriorly & allows for widening of the birth canal Sacroiliac Joint: Where the sacrum & ilium articulate, axial skeleton & appendicular skeleton come together

6. Pelvis The pelvis as a whole is made up of : 2 Ossa Coxae Sacrum
Coccyx

7. Femur Longest, Heaviest, & Strongest bone in the body Bony Landmarks
Femoral Head: articulates with the acetabulum
Femoral Neck: between the Intertrochanteric Line & Femoral Head
Greater Trochanter: Proximal & Lateral
Lesser Trochanter: Medial & Inferior
Intertrochanteric Line: runs between the greater trochanter & lesser trochanter
Medial Epicondyle: above the articular surface & place of attachment for the Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Medial Condyle: surface that articulates with the tibia
Lateral Epicondyle: above the articular surface & place of attachment for the Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
Lateral Condyle: surface that articulates with the tibia
Femur

8. Patella Triagular in shape
The patella helps protect the knee & strengthens the quadriceps muscle group
Sesamoid Bone
Sesamoid bones are found in tendons that pass over joints. The bone is imbedded in the tendon to increase mechanical effect & keep tendon from being caught in the joint
Bony Landmarks
Base: superior
Apex: inferior, point
Articular Surface: smooth surface on posterior side
Patella

9. Sunrise View
Patella rest in the trochlear groove
Patella

10. Tibia
Articulates with the femur the knee & the talus the ankle. The tibia is the primary weight bearing bone in the lower leg.
Bony Landmarks
Intercondylar Eminence: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) attachment
Medial Condyle: Femoral articulation
Medial Epicondyle: MCL attachment
Lateral Condyle: Femoral articulation
Lateral Epicondyle: LCL attachment
Tibial Tuberosity: attachment for patellar tendon
Medial Malleolus: ankle stabilization (Mortise)
Tibia

11. Fibula Fibula Bony Landmarks
Articulates proximally & distally with the tibia. The Fibula bears only about 10% of an adults body weight.
Bony Landmarks
Fibular Head: articulates with the tibia proximally
Lateral Malleolus: ankle stabilization (Mortise)
Syndesmosis: distal tibiofibular joint
Fibula

12. Tarsal Bones Seven Tarsal Bones
Talus: articulates with the tibia & fibula to comprise mortise of ankle
Calcaneus: Largest tarsal bone, forms heel & is where achilles tendon attaches
Navicular: anterior to calcaneus, on medial side, block shaped
Medial Cuneiform
Intermediate Cuneiform
Lateral Cuneiform
Cuboid: the most lateral tarsal bone, borders the navicular & lateral cuneiform
Tarsal Bones

13. Metatarsals 5 metatarsals in each foot Weight bearing bones
Metatarsals are numbered 1-5 medial to lateral
1st metatarsal is the largest b/c it supports the most body weight & is the last stop in ambulation
2 sesamoid bones are found under the 1st metatarsal
Each metatarsal has a:
Base: tarsometatarsal joint
Body: middle
Head: metatarsophalangeal joint, ball of foot (1st & 2nd head)
Metatarsals

14. Longitudinal Arch
Transverse Arch
Arches of Foot

15. Phalanges 14 phalanx bones in each foot
The phalanges are numbered 1-5, medial to lateral
Great Toe (phalange #1) has 2 phalanx bones
Proximal Phalanx
Distal Phalanx
Phalanges #2 - #5 have 3 phalanx bones each
Middle Phalanx
Phalanges