What Do These Words Have in Common? A Turbulent Decade Red Scare+Death Sentence Abstinence+Voting Ku Klux Klan+Catholics

What you need to know… 1. Discuss some of the economic outcomes of demobilization (leaving the war). 2. List the main causes of the 1919 strikes and how did people react to the strikes? 3. Explain the public hysteria of the Red Scare. 4. Explain why the Sacco & Vanzetti trial caught public interest.

#1 Economic outcomes of demobilization. Demobilization = transition from wartime to peacetime Caused: Unemployment  Wages  Shortages left prices  Farm prices 

#2 Main Causes of Strikes Demanded higher wages, shorter hours and better working conditions. #2 Americans reacted??? Public opinion firmly against strikes Say they were Russian Bolsheviks Strike = weapon of revolution “Agents of Lenin” Steel strike: jailed, beaten & shot

#3 Red Scare Fear of a Bolshevik revolution in U.S. made people crazy!! What were they scared of ????? Change – fear of communism Many people believed that all radicals wanted to overthrow the U.S. government. “Reds” – were everywhere  Immigrants hit worse

#4 Public interest in Sacco & Vanzetti Hostility toward foreigners & radicals persisted. Sacco & Vanzetti Anarchists Charged with murders during a robbery Had an unfair trial Showed a division in America Labor leaders & radical socials = supported them Many people frightened by Red Scare = opposed them

Communism vs. Capitalism Communism: A form of socialism that abolishes private ownership Favors collectivism in a classless society Capitalism A system in which wealth, and the means of producing wealth, are privately owned

Election of 1920 Warren G. Harding vs. James Cox Harding ran a campaign to return to “normalcy.” He won by an earthquake! The Republicans in Power

What you need to know… 1. How Republican policies encouraged economic growth. 2. Positive & Negative effects of Harding’s pro-business policies 3. Why Equal Rights Amendment failed 4. Explain how Republican Party overcame the political scandals of the Harding administration. 5. Issues that affected the outcome of the 1928 presidential election.

#1 Economic Growth Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act Pushed tariff rates to an all time high Enabled business to keep prices high & increase profits Eliminated taxes on wealthy Wealthy have more $$ to invest  Economic growth

#2 How Pro-business policies affect Economy Tax cuts = mergers (combine 2 or more companies) Business profits  60% / Workers profits  10% Farmers suffered Some industry faced pay cuts & unemployment Organized labor suffered American Plan: union-free “Yellow-dog contracts” prevented workers from joining a union

Women’s Rights Grew - Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony & Lucretia Mott Troubled by Women’s status in American society. Vote Second-class citizens Less education (Higher Ed) Few professions Lower wages Married Women Property Wages Divorce – kids?  1920 – Women gained suffrage

#3 Equal Rights Amendment Fail??? Feminists – women’s rights activists Divisions in Women’s Rights Movement For: Limiting work hours for women encouraged business to hire women Against: Legislation protecting women might be unconstitutional Many women divided & felt it was not their place to vote.

#4 Republican party overcame Harding’s scandals After Harding’s quick death, VP Coolidge took over and fired many in Harding’s administration. Coolidge continued a pro-business Reduced taxes on wealthy

# Election Outcome  Coolidge didn’t run!!!  Republican Herbert Hoover vs. Democrat Alfred E. Smith Hoover Reputation skill and efficiency  He was a republican  the country was doing well = he was good Smith A Progressive Opposed prohibition  Supported by urban Immigrants  Catholic, people were afraid that a Catholic would be run by the Pope

A Nation Divided

What you need to know… 1. Explain why many supported the Ku Klux Klan and what led to a decline in that support 2. Actions the African Americans took to combat violence & discrimination 3. Reason that Americans demanded immigration restrictions 4. Explain the increase in Mexican immigration in 1920’s 5. Actions that Native Americans took to protect their land

#1 Americans that supported KKK African American population more than doubled in 20 years Caused racial tension in the North KKK rebirth and moved north Red Scare  membership growing Targeted, African Americans, Catholics, immigrants, Jewish people & anyone suspected as a radical #1 Decline of KKK Decrease in Red Scare hysteria Terriorism & Violence turned people away Klan corruption & scandals

#2 African Americans Defend their Rights NAACP : National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Pressured law enforcement to investigate violence Published lynching atrocities Unionization Fight discrimination in the workplace Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Nationalism Pan-Africanism Movement Establish black owned businesses

#3 Immigration Restrictions Many Americans feared that the country was being overrun by immigrants Strange – Why??? Belief that immigrants had radical views Belief that immigrants were taking jobs from native-born Americans

#4 Mexican Migration Mexico had scarce jobs, widespread poverty and political upheaval from a revolution Migration Movement to northern cities for well-paying factory jobs Southwest movement created a steady flow of workers to fill low-wage jobs

#5 Native American Life Dawes Act Divided tribal land into individual plots “Americanize” Native Americans Bursum Bill Tried to legalize non-Indian persons to claim Pueblo land Did not pass 1924: Congress granted citizenship