1. #46 Ch 12 Notes

2. #42 Ch 12 S 1
Details:
Read & Notes Ch 12 S 1
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3. Chapter 12: Politics of the Roaring Twenties Section 1: Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues

4. Standards
11.5.2
Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, the Ku Klux Klan, and immigration quotas and the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks.
11.6.5
Trace the advances and retreats of organized labor

5. Objectives
Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to:
Summarize the reaction in the United States to the perceived threat of communism
Analyze the causes and effects of the quota system in the U.S.
Describe some of the conflicts between labor and management after the war

6. Postwar Trends Life after the war was difficult
Nativism and isolationism were common attitudes
Nativism- prejudice against foreign born individuals
Isolationism- a policy of pulling away from involvement in world affairs
Americans were gripped by a fear of Communism
An economic and political system based on a single-party government ruled by a dictator which equalized wealth and power by ending ownership of private property, and placing industries like factories, railroads and other businesses under the control of the government.
The Red Scare
The Palmer Raids
The Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

7. The Red Scare
Lenin and the Bolsheviks led a communist revolution in Russia
Called for a worldwide communist revolution
A communist party formed in the U.S.
70,000 members at the peak
Several dozen bombs were mailed to government and business leaders.
Americans began to fear a communist revolution.

8. The Palmer Raids Leader: Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
Goal: Find evidence of communist rev.
Find suspected Communists, socialists, and anarchists
Trampled civil rights, invaded homes, and jailed suspects with no legal counsel
Hundreds of foreign born radicals were deported without trials
Palmer raids never turned up any evidence of Communist revolution

9. Sacco and Vanzetti Italian immigrants and anarchists
May 1920, both arrested for murder & robbery
Both claimed innocent and had alibis
Evidence against was circumstantial
Jury found them guilty and sentenced them to death
Despite vigorous protests worldwide the executions went forward
Protestors thought Sacco and Vanzetti were treated unfairly because they were immigrants and held radical beliefs

10. The Ku Klux Klan
Used anti-communism as an excuse to harass others not like them
KKK Goal: 100%Americanism
White, native-born, Christian
Wanted:
blacks kept, “in their place”
destruction of Saloons
eliminate unions
drive away Roman-Catholics, Jews, and immigrants

11. Limiting Immigration “Keep America for Americans” (nativist)
Immigrants un-liked because they worked for low wages in unskilled industries
Following WWI, need for unskilled labor was low
Nativists wanted less immigrants allowed in the country
Nativist feelings perhaps came from the fact that some people involved in labor disputes were immigrant anarchists and socialists, believed to be Communists

12. Immigration Quota System
Response to immigrants from wrong countries
Goal: Only let in the “right” immigrants.
Emergency Quota Act (1921):
Established the # of people who could enter the U.S. from each foreign country per year.
2% of the number of immigrants from the country in 1890 were allowed to immigrate per year
Discriminated southern and eastern Europe (Roman Catholics & Jews) that came after 1890
Prohibited Japanese immigration
Did not prohibit any immigrants from the western hemisphere from entering (Canada & Mexico)

13. Labor Unrest Conflict between labor and management
Workers wanted better hours and pay
Management wanted to pay less and profit more
1919: 3,000 strikes 4 million workers walked off the job
Employers associated communists and unions to gain public support against unions
Boston Police Strike (417) unsuccessful
The Steel Mill Strike (417) unsuccessful
The Coal Miners Strike (418) successful

14. Labor Movement Loses Appeal
In the 1920s union membership dropped
5 million down to 3.5 million
Reasons for decline:
Immigrants willing to work in poor conditions
Difficult to organize immigrants (language)
Ex-farmers were self-reliant
Most unions excluded African-Americans

15. DQs Why did America move toward isolationism?
How did Americans react to the threat of communist takeover?
What was the purpose of the Quota System?
Why did the American public turn against strikers in the 1920s?

16. #42 Ch 12 S 1 Details: Read & Notes Ch 12 S 1 Margin ?s: A-D (4)
Study Guide ?s 1-4 (4)