1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. 1920s Immigration and Foreign Policy

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Examine how economic factors led to the election of Republican Warren Harding. Compare and contrast the administrations of Harding and Calvin Coolidge. Describe the U.S. policy of isolationism. Explain how the threat of communism abroad raised concerns in the United States. Objectives

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People Warren Harding – elected President of the United States in 1920 Calvin Coolidge – Harding’s Vice President, who took over as President in 1923 after the death of President Harding disarmament – the reduction or limitation of military armaments

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People (continued) communism – an economic or political system in which the state owns the means of production and a single party rules anarchist – a person who opposes all organized government

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The nation rejected a major role in world affairs and instead turned inward. What problems at home and abroad challenged the nation after World War I? The United States emerged from World War I as a world power.

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. President Wilson and the Democrats became unpopular for several reasons. Mishandling of the Treaty of Versailles Economic recession Labor strikes Fear of Communists

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1920, Republican Warren Harding ran for President against Woodrow Wilson. Harding promised the return to “normalcy” that many Americans wanted. Harding won by a landslide. Many Americans hoped a change in leadership would lead to peace and prosperity.

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Harding filled his administration with friends and men who supported business. Wealthy banker Andrew Mellon became secretary of the treasury. He slashed the federal budget and lowered taxes on the wealthy. Other appointees used their jobs to make personal fortunes. Several were involved in scandals such as taking bribes.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Harding’s presidency was marred by scandal. This cartoon shows the Teapot Dome bribery scandal rapidly catching up with Harding. Harding did not live to regain the public’s trust. He had a fatal heart attack in 1923.

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Calvin Coolidge, Harding’s Vice President, took over after Harding’s death. He cooperated with the Harding scandal investigations and restored public trust. He easily won the 1924 election. Also, the recession ended while he was in office.

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. After World War I, most Americans supported isolationism. However, Americans continued to promote peace and disarmament. In 1928, the United States and France sponsored the Kellogg-Briand Pact to prevent military aggression. In 1921, the United States and other countries agreed to limit the size of their navies.

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. President Coolidge intervened in foreign matters that affected U.S. business. He sent troops to protect U.S. business interests. In 1926, revolution broke out in Nicaragua. In 1927, Mexico planned to take over U.S. oil lands. He resolved the situation using diplomacy.

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Coolidge also chose to aid Russia, even though America opposed its Communist government. The Soviet Union, the world’s first Communist state, was formed. The Communist Party crushed all opposition. The United States aided the opponents of communism. The United States sent aid to Russia to fight famine. 1917 1918 1921

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Fear of communism abroad led to a “Red Scare” in the United States. In 1919, foreign anarchists bombed several targets in the United States. Many Americans came to fear all foreigners. Thousands of anarchists and Communists, or “Reds,” were arrested, and many were deported.

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The case of two Italian immigrants shows the mistreatment of foreigners during this time. Sacco and Vanzetti were accused of robbery and murder with little evidence. Both men were anarchists. They were found guilty and executed in 1927.

16. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Fears about radicals led to new limits on immigration to the United States. Americans worried about losing their culture and having to compete for jobs. Congress passed laws limiting immigration in 1921, 1924, and 1929.

17. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The new immigration limits did not apply to people from the Americas. 950,000 people migrated to the United States from Canada. They took jobs in New England factories. Nearly 500,000 migrated from Mexico. They helped develop the American Southwest.