Republican Era A07 7.10.3

TOPIC OUTLINE A. Republican America in the early 1800s 1. Religion: Beginnings of the Second Great Awakening 2. Women: Republican motherhood & education for women 3. Cultural Nationalism 4. Stirrings of Industry B. Jefferson's Presidency (and Madison’s) 1. Jefferson & the National Government 2. The Courts and Marbury 3. Louisiana 4. Foreign Affairs: Troubles at Sea 5. Expansion into the trans-Appalachian West & Indian resistance C. War of 1812 and its consequences

Guiding Question To what extent were developments during the period 1800-1824 consistent with the vision of Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans, as opposed to the vision of Hamilton and the Federalists?

Competing Visions for America REPUBLICAN/JEFFERSON VISION FEDERALIST (HAMILTON) VISION Government Constitution Economy Foreign Policy Religion Culture

National Development in the Early Republic A. AMERICA IN 1800 National Development in the Early Republic

1. BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRY Samuel Slater Eli Whitney cotton gin interchangeable parts Robert Fulton The Clermont (1807) Turnpikes The Cotton Gin (National Archives)

Distribution of slave population 1790-1820 http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1790_1820_maps.html

Population density: 1790 & 1820 http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1790_1820_maps.html

2. RELIGION: BEGINNINGS OF THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING Deism Unitarianism Second Great Awakening (1806-30s) camp meetings Charles Finney John Wesley “burned over district’ The Second Great Awakening, 1790-1860 Henretta, America’s History 5e from http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/mapcentral

Growth of American Methodism 1775-1850 http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1790_1820_maps.html

3. RISE OF CULTURAL NATIONALISM Education? - the “virtuous citizen” Distinctively American literature? James Fennimore Cooper Washington Irving Noah Webster Blue-Backed Speller Books Washington Irving (Portrait Gallery)

4. WOMEN Republican Motherhood education

B. JEFFERSON’S PRESIDENCY

The Election of 1800 Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.; http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap/

Election of 1800 http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/templates/student_resources/0030724791_ayers/maps/8.1.html

Election of 1800 Jefferson vs. Burr in House of Representatives First Peaceful Turnover of Power Twelfth Amendment (1804) Hamilton-Burr duel (1804) >> Decline of Federalists Divine, America Past & Present

Thomas Jefferson Well over 6 feet tall Not a good public speaker. One of the greatest writers among U.S. Presidents A renaissance man Incredibly well-read in science and philosophy Continental Congress; assemblyman; Gov. of Virginia.; Author of Dec. of Independence; Min. to France; Sec. of State; Vice Pres.

Jefferson & National Gov’t Views on government strict constructionism major functions Alien & Sedition Acts Army & Navy Public spending federal debt Excise tax on whiskey rest of Hamilton’s program? simplicity as President Pageant 13e Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1805 Collection of The New-York Historical Society

2. Struggle Over the Courts Judiciary Act of 1801 “Midnight appointments” John Marshall (Ch. Justice 1801-1835) Marbury vs. Madison (1803) Judiciary Act of 1789 judicial review significance http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1789_1815.html John Marshall

3. Louisiana Purchase The Problem: right of deposit, Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) Divine, America Past & Present 7e

3. Louisiana Purchase Problem Deal Dilemma Opposition Impact Henretta, America’s History 5e from http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/mapcentral

America: Pathways to the Present

America: Pathways to the Present

Louisiana Purchase Treaty

Map of the West 1802 Map of the West 1802 http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/templates/student_resources/0030724791_ayers/sources/ch08/8.2.arrowsmith.html

Lewis and Clark 1804-1806 Purposes: Explore new territory Claim to Oregon political & trade relations with Indians http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/america/interactive/map06.html

4. TROUBLES AT SEA Significance of American Shipping Barbary pirates Divine, America Past & Present

4. TROUBLES AT SEA Napoleanic wars (1803-1814) Impressment British Orders in Council (blockade) Napolean’s Continental System Impressment < 6000 US sailors 1808-1811 Chesapeake Affair (1807) Embargo Act of 1807 “Peaceable Coercion” Why not war? Who opposes? Manning the Navy, English engraving showing the impressment of American sailors The impressment of sailors into the British navy from American ships was one of the more prominent causes of the War of 1812. This 1790 engraving shows an American sailor being seized at gunpoint while those who might try to assist him are elbowed aside. (Library of Congress) [Pageant 13e] Manning the Navy, English engraving showing the impressment of American sailors (Library of Congress)

American Export Trade, 1790–1815 4. TROUBLES AT SEA Embargo Act of 1807 (1807-1809) Non-Intercourse Act (1809) Effect on Britain? Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810) Chart: Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.; http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap/ Cartoon: Steere, Independent School American Export Trade, 1790–1815

James Madison President 1809-1817 Dolley Madison (Portrait Gallery) Description: James Madison. Stuart, Gilbert, 1755-1828, artist. Credit: Library of Congress http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail105.html [ Pojer]; Dolley Madison:http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/firstladies/dm4.html Dolley Madison (Portrait Gallery)

5. CONFLICTS WITH WESTERN INDIANS Trans-Appalacian settlement http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1790_1820_maps.html Population density-1790-1820 (Tecumseh: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, FMNH Neg. #A93851)

C. WAR OF 1812 America's Second War for Independence?

5. CONFLICTS WITH WESTERN INDIANS Native America, 1783-1812 5. CONFLICTS WITH WESTERN INDIANS Trans-Appalacian settlement Tenskwatawa (the Prophet) Tecumseh Role of Britain? William Henry Harrison Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) Pageant 13e; http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1790_1820_maps.html (Tecumseh: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, FMNH Neg. #A93851)

Presidential Election of 1812 Pojer

War of 1812 - Causes War of 1812 (1812-1815) “War Hawks” Henry Clay (KY) John Calhoun (SC) Reasons US declared war 1) Impressment of sailors 2) Conflicts with Indians 3) Desire for expansion “Mr. Madison’s War” http://www.galafilm.com/1812/e/catalogues/peop_clay.html Henry Clay

War of 1812 - Fighting York (Toronto) (1813) Battle of Lake Erie (summer 1813) Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry Battle of Thames (Oct 1813) Wm Henry Harrison Horseshoe Bend (March 1814) Andrew Jackson Plattsburg (Sept 11, 1814) Key battle of war Attack on Washington (Aug 1814) Baltimore – Ft. McHenry “Star Spangled Banner” (1814) Francis Scott Key Battle of New Orleans (Jan 1815) “Hero of New Orleans” Divine, America Past & Present

Oliver Hazard Perry At Battle Of Put-In-Bay, Sept. 1813 http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1789_1815.html

The burning of the Capitol Description: The burning of the Capitol. Mural by Allyn Cox. http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail110.html

The Battle of New Orleans. January 1815 Description: The Battle of New Orleans. January 1815. Copy of engraving by H.B. Hall after W. Momberger. Keywords: War of 1812 Credit: National Archives and Records Administration http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail114.html

War of 1812: Results Opposition to War Hartford Convention (Dec 1814) Treaty of Ghent (Dec 24, 1814) Attacking the Federalists (Library of Congress)brinkley 10th ed Description: Signing of Treaty of Ghent with Great Britain, December 24, 1814. [Pojer]

Results of the War of 1812 Draw militarily Small War and insignificant in military terms. Important consequences for the U.S.: Winners: War Hawks (favoring western expansion, national improvements, trade); Republicans, Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison Losers: Indians, Federalists New Spirit of nationalism (Era of Good Feelings) Paranoia about Britain died away (“Second War for Independence”) Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) End of involvement in Europe for next 100 years. America looks inward

Jackson’s Florida Campaigns [Pojer]

Jefferson in 1821 http://www.monticello.org/press/imagegallery/lewisandclark/sully_portrait.html

Auction of Monticello, 1827

East Front of Monticello, ca. 1870 (University of Virginia) http://explorer.monticello.org/ East Front of Monticello, ca. 1870 (University of Virginia)

Monticello today http://www.monticello.org/press/imagegallery/house/westfront.html

Monticello today http://www.library.unr.edu/friends/tours/images/monticello.jpg

Monticello Today http://www.travelguides.org/assets/monticello.gif

Sources http://www.monticello.org/ http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/archive/idx_map.html http://www.lewisandclark.org/lib.htm http://www.jmu.edu/madison/louispurchase.htm Brinkley, American History: A Survey (10th ed)