Five Major Functions of Skeleton Provides shape and support Enables the body to move Protects internal organs Produces blood cells Store materials until body needs it

SHAPE AND SUPPORT Skeleton determines the shape of your body. Bone that makes up the center of the skeleton is the backbone. The 26 small bones make up the backbone are called vertebrae. Allow movement (bending, twisting)

MOVEMENT How does the skeleton help the body move? Muscles pull on bones to make the body move.

PROTECTION Bones protect the organs in your body. EXAMPLE: Skull protects the brain Rib cage protects the heart and lungs

PRODUCTION Some bones in your body produce substances that your body needs. The long bones of the arms & legs make blood cells. STORAGE Bones will store minerals such as Calcium and Phosphorus. When your body needs the minerals, the bones release small amounts of them into the blood

JOINTS What is a joint? What are 2 kinds of joints in the body? A place in the body where 2 bones come together. What are 2 kinds of joints in the body? Movable Immovable

MOVABLE JOINTS Most of the joints in the human body are movable. Joints are held together by: Ligaments Connects bone to bone Synovial Fluid  clear liquid to lubricate joint Cartilage  cushioning connective tissue Covers the ends of the bones and keeps them from rubbing against each other.

IMMOVABLE JOINTS Joints in the body connect bones in a way that allows little or no movement. EXAMPLE: Bones of the skull are held together by immovable joints.

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTS Kind of Motion Where it’s found in the body Hinge Forward or backward motion Knees and Elbows Ball and socket Allows bones to swing in a circle Shoulders and Hips Pivot 1 bone rotates around another Neck Gliding 1 bone to slide over another Wrists and ankles

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTS Where it’s found in the body Kind of Motion Where it’s found in the body Hinge Forward or backward motion Ball and socket Pivot Gliding

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTS Where it’s found in the body Kind of Motion Where it’s found in the body Hinge Forward or backward motion Knees and Elbows Ball and socket Pivot Gliding

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTS Where it’s found in the body Kind of Motion Where it’s found in the body Hinge Forward or backward motion Knees and Elbows Ball and socket Allows bones to swing in a circle Pivot Gliding

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTS Where it’s found in the body Kind of Motion Where it’s found in the body Hinge Forward or backward motion Knees and Elbows Ball and socket Allows bones to swing in a circle Shoulders and Hips Pivot Gliding

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTS Where it’s found in the body Kind of Motion Where it’s found in the body Hinge Forward or backward motion Knees and Elbows Ball and socket Allows bones to swing in a circle Shoulders and Hips Pivot 1 bone rotates around another Gliding

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTS Where it’s found in the body Kind of Motion Where it’s found in the body Hinge Forward or backward motion Knees and Elbows Ball and socket Allows bones to swing in a circle Shoulders and Hips Pivot 1 bone rotates around another Neck Gliding

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTS Where it’s found in the body Kind of Motion Where it’s found in the body Hinge Forward or backward motion Knees and Elbows Ball and socket Allows bones to swing in a circle Shoulders and Hips Pivot 1 bone rotates around another Neck Gliding 1 bone to slide over another

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTS Where it’s found in the body Kind of Motion Where it’s found in the body Hinge Forward or backward motion Knees and Elbows Ball and socket Allows bones to swing in a circle Shoulders and Hips Pivot 1 bone rotates around another Neck Gliding 1 bone to slide over another Wrists and ankles Jaw

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTS Where it’s found in the body Kind of Motion Where it’s found in the body Hinge Forward or backward motion Knees and Elbows Ball and socket Allows bones to swing in a circle Shoulders and Hips Pivot 1 bone rotates around another Neck Gliding 1 bone to slide over another Wrists and ankles

BONES – STRONG & LIVING Bones are living (made of cells), and undergo growth and development. Bone Strength: 20% of body weight is bone Stronger than concrete or granite rock WHY? Just like a rock, a bone is packed with minerals…phosphorus and calcium

BONE LAYERS Outer membrane Thin, tough outer covering Compact bone  Hard and dense, not solid, Blood vessels and nerves run through this area Spongy bone  Lots of small spaces, lightweight tissue, contains the marrow Red marrow  Produces blood cells Yellow marrow  Fat storage as an energy reserve

BONE GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT Bones will make new bone tissue when: 1. During growth 2. In response to the force of the body’s weight 3. Healing a broken bone

TAKING CARE OF YOUR BONES What can you do to keep your bones healthy? Balanced diet Regular exercise A condition in which the body’s bones become weak & break easily? Osteoporosis  Mineral loss in bones allowing body to become weak and break easily