1. The Skeletal System Section 13.2

2. Remember: “CTOOSO”
Cells 
Tissues 
Organs 
Organ Systems 
Organism

3. Homeostasis: the process where the body keeps internal conditions the same even when external conditions change.

4. The human adult skeleton has 206 bones.

5. I. Parts of the Skeleton
The axial skeleton is composed of the skull, spinal column and ribcage.

6. B. The appendicular skeleton is composed of the clavicle, scapula, arms, hands, pelvis, legs and feet.

7. II. Functions of the Skeleton
Shape and support
The center of the
skeleton is a flexible
vertebral column. All
other bones are
connected to it
providing shape and
support to
the body.

8. Movement
Muscles are attached to bone by tendons. When muscles contract the bones shift position and movement results.

9. C. Protection- Bones protect delicate organs like the heart, lungs and brain.

10. D. Storage of substances
Bones store minerals like calcium
and phosphorus and release them when needed by the body.

11. E. Production- The long bones in your arms and legs produce blood cells.

12. III. Joints of the Skeleton
Joints are where two bones come together. The type of joint determines the way that your bones can move.

13. A. Immovable joints can’t move
A. Immovable joints can’t move. The plates on the cranium are an example.

14. Movable Joints
1. Movable joints are held together by ligaments (bone to bone).
2. Cartilage (a soft flexible type of bone) can cover the ends of
bones to keep them from
rubbing together.

15. 3. Joint types are
* Hinge (knee, elbow)
* Ball and Socket (shoulder, hip)
* Pivot (neck)
* Sliding (wrist, ankle)

16. IV. Bones Strong and Living
Bones are complex living structures that grow and develop.

17. A. Bone Structure

18. Periosteum- thin tough membrane covering the bone.
2. Blood Vessels and nerves
3. Compact Bone- hard dense bone which has canals in it for blood vessels and nerves to run to the bone cells (osteocytes)

19. 4. Spongy Bone- found at the ends of bone, spaces make it lightweight but strong.
5. Marrow- inside of the bone spaces.
* Red makes blood cells
* Yellow stores fat

21. Bone Strength
1. Bones are hard due to the minerals in them (calcium and phosphorus).
2. 20% of our total weight is due to our bones.

22. Bone Growth
1. Bones form new tissue as you grow.
2. New bone tissue grows where bones have been broken making them even stronger.

23. Bone Development
1. When you are born most of your bone is cartilage.
2. Cartilage is
replaced by bone as
you develop.

24. 3. Some cartilage remains in your nose and ears.

25. V. Taking Care of Your Bones
Use your book pages to complete the last three sections.
A. Diet 1. 2.
B. Exercise
Osteoporosis

26. The bones song: Hu, Hu, Humerus Shoulder to Elbow The thumb side is
the radius
The ulna is below

27. Fe, Fe Femur
Hips down to your knee
The shin bone is the tibia
The Fibula’s skinny

28. Pa, Pa Patella
Important you can see
A tendon holds this bone in
place
It caps off your two knees

29. Add your own verse using information from your bones chart
Add your own verse using information from your bones chart! It has to follow the format from the previous verses and fit to “Row, row, row your boat.” You must use new bones not already in the song.