3. Big Idea

4. Science Standard 7.5.C&H Students know how bones and muscles work together to provide the structural framework for movement and compare joints in the body with structures used in machines and simple devices.

5. Skeleton: The framework of your body made up of all you bones. Vertebrae: The 26 small bones that make up your backbone. Joint: Place in your body where two bones come together. Ligaments: Strong connective tissues that hold together your bones.

6. Cartilage: The second type of connective tissue that hold together joints. ( more flexible than bone) Compact bone: Lies beneath the bones outer membrane (hard and dense but not solid.) Spongy bone: inside the femur’s compact bone. (lots of small spaces within it. Like a sponge. Osteoporosis- a condition in which the bones become weak and break easily.

7.  Just as a building could not stand without its frame, you would collapse without your skeleton.  Your skeleton has FIVE MAJOR FUNCTIONS. 1 It provides shape and support 2 It enables you to move 3 It protects your organs 4 It produces blood cells 5 It stores materials and other materials until you need them.

8. Your skeleton determines the shape of your body. The backbone, also called the vertebral or spinal column, is the center of your skeleton. The backbone is comprised of 26 small bones called VERTEBRA. The vertebral column is flexible and able to bend. If the backbone were just one bone, you would not be able to bend or twist.

9. Your skeleton allows you to move. Muscles pull on the bones to make the body move. The skeleton also protects many of the body’s organs. Ex. Skull protects brain; Breastbone and ribs protect your heart and lungs.

10. Some of your bones produce substances that your body needs. Bones also store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. The bones will release these minerals in small amounts into the blood stream when the body needs them.

11. Joints allow bones to move in different ways. Your body has two kinds of joints. 1. Immovable Joints – Little or no movement. (EX the skull is held together by immovable joints.) 2. Movable Joints Allow the body to make a wide range of movement Bones in movable joints are held together by strong tissues called ligaments. They are also held together by cartilage

12. Bones are complex living structures that undergo growth and development. Compact Bone – hard and dense, but not solid. Spongy Bone– has many small spaces. It is light weight but strong

13. The spaces in many bones contain a soft connective tissue called bone MARROW. There are two types of MARROW – Red and Yellow. Red Marrow – produces most of the body’s blood cells. Yellow Marrow – stores fat that can serve as an energy reserve.

14.  the structure of bones makes it both strong and lightweight.  Can absorb more force than concrete or granite without breaking.  Only 20% of an averages adults body weight.  Bones are hard because they contain minerals (phosphorus and calcium.)

15.  Bones are ALIVE!  They contain cells and tissues such as blood and nerves.  Form new bone tissue as you grow.  Tissue continues to form within your bones even after you are grown.

16.  As an infant most of your skeleton was cartilage.  Over time, most of the cartilage was replaced by bone.  The replacement of cartilage by bone is usually complete by the time you stop growing.  Not all the body’s cartilage is replaced.

17. Across Discipline: Language Arts (RC 2.2) Take detailed notes on the following. Hinge Joint; Ball and Socket Joint; Pivot Joint; and Sliding Joint ( pg. 520- 521) you must use your spatial intelligence and include diagrams.  Trends: Describe the trends that you can participate in to take care of their bones.  Question: Write 2 questions using your Blooms Taxonomy Card (analysis) and answer them. Describe how your bones change as you get older. Summary (Blooms): Retell in your own words what this section was about.

18. 1) What is the difference between red marrow and yellow marrow? ANSWER The difference between red marrow and yellow marrow is that red marrow produces most of the body’s blood cells. Yellow marrow stores fat that can serve as an energy reserve.

19. 2) Why is your vertebrae made up of many tiny bones instead of fewer larger bones? ANSWER The vertebrae made up of many tiny bones because this allows you to be flexible and able to bend. If your backbone were just one bone, you would not be able to move.

20. 3) Describe at least one way to keep your bones healthy. ANSWER One way to keep your bones healthy is to eat a well-balanced diet. Your diet must include plenty of phosphorus and calcium to keep your bones strong.

21. Answer # 1, 2, 3 Finish # 4-7